我們身體的肌肉能夠採納不同款式的營養以支撐其所需。而在馬拉松這種長距離跑步的運動中,脂肪及碳水化合物則為兩種最為舉足輕重的營養。417Please respect copyright.PENANAjANZ3eK4xR
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第一集我們粗略計算過身體脂肪所能夠提供的卡路里,至少足夠應付4次平地馬拉松有多。417Please respect copyright.PENANAmpruZ2Y3Ei
今集將會以同樣的方式剖釋身體裡頭碳水化合物能夠提供的卡路里。417Please respect copyright.PENANAiVwI341sU0
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第一集:深入淺出–點解瘦削運動員都能夠跑畢馬拉松全程?417Please respect copyright.PENANAuUtFSJ7dES
- 分享自 LIHKG 討論區417Please respect copyright.PENANAhcNk79B6MQ
https://lih.kg/givMmS417Please respect copyright.PENANAPnzJFePc9s
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(圖2)當我們攝取多於身體所需的碳水化合物,它們便會以糖原(Glycogen)或者脂肪的方式儲存在身體內。417Please respect copyright.PENANAT1iowKU38S
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肝臟及肌肉分別為糖原的兩大儲存位置。417Please respect copyright.PENANAcHPEijtbMV
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當身體血糖過低的時候,肝臟的糖原就會分解成為葡萄糖送到血液循環系統內,維持血糖水平。417Please respect copyright.PENANAKejtf000ub
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然而,肌肉的糖原只會留給自己所需,並不會供應到血液循環系統去。417Please respect copyright.PENANAyBwrf41Ana
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(圖3)如圖中所見,此為身體裡頭碳水化合物所能夠提供得到的卡路里推算。肝臟糖原數值取自Ref1、2,而肌肉糖原數值取自Ref3。417Please respect copyright.PENANA5vTPkgvweY
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(圖4)如圖中所見,以70kg的男人為例的話,馬拉松總消耗總卡路里(2950kcal),身體脂肪的卡路里應付有餘,而身體碳水化合物的卡路里則非常勉強地能夠抵銷。417Please respect copyright.PENANAMjd5WrKwwx
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但是,既然脂肪卡路里足夠提供得到馬拉松所需的話,為何我們還要深究糖原那一方面呢?417Please respect copyright.PENANAuG9E0KcVdS
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(圖5)這是因為,運動的強度,將會左右身體決定選取脂肪還是碳水化合物作肌肉能量的來源。417Please respect copyright.PENANAXEmECt0F90
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只不過,運動的強度因人而異,如圖中所指出的例子,這個情況下又應該如何定義各自的運動強度呢?417Please respect copyright.PENANAxDaEtV7HaH
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(圖6)如何有效定義各自的運動強度,將取決於運動時候身體吸入氧氣的比率。417Please respect copyright.PENANAbXRmK9ofrA
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VO2max是一個參數,定義為每1kg每1分鐘最大吸取幾多毫升氧氣的量;417Please respect copyright.PENANAuxHcmwfjgo
經常運動的人士, VO2max會較為高。417Please respect copyright.PENANAZwSs4qqTYe
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實驗儀器可以得出最準確的VO2max數值,坊間的運動手錶亦都能夠量度得到。417Please respect copyright.PENANAJEhE96VV4w
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如圖中算式所示,。VO2max的百分比越大的話,我們便能夠定義為運動強度亦為之越大。417Please respect copyright.PENANATyOnJT8GEl
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(圖7)而。VO2max的數值大小,將會是身體選取脂肪還是碳水化合物作肌肉能量來源的指標(Ref4)。417Please respect copyright.PENANAn62qIWCRBO
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越高。VO2max數值的話,身體便會傾向使用碳水化合物亦即是糖原。圖中兩位仁兄的情況,亦展示得到。VO2max數值對於身體新陳代謝的效果。417Please respect copyright.PENANA8MGmhbDv9w
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(圖8)現今運動學上有非常之多的說法,其中一種門派的說法是,當身體的糖原被完全耗盡的時候,身體便會出現力有不繼、不支倒地的現象,亦稱之為HITTING THE WALL。417Please respect copyright.PENANAaEvoOC5sWb
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(圖9)從圖中可以看見,。VO2max越高的話,身體亦會更趨向使用碳水化合物(糖原)。417Please respect copyright.PENANAmXOoRw93hB
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變相來說,如果VO2max在馬拉松期間一直處於高企的話,碳水化合物(糖原)相對上的消耗量亦會增大,引致身體糖原量完全消耗的機率大增,出現HITTING THE WALL的現象。417Please respect copyright.PENANANkYCJFRQvi
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(圖10)那麼,以糖原門派學說的角度來看,如何可以盡量避免HITTING THE WALL發生呢?417Please respect copyright.PENANAdUhKxPka87
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下列為其中三點:417Please respect copyright.PENANAuD5izXXeFY
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1.事前採用飲食管理,增大糖原儲存量。417Please respect copyright.PENANAhuFvxQpCyw
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2.不斷進行鍛鍊,增加自身的VO2max數值,減低運動時候的。VO2max數值,誘導身體盡量使用脂肪作肌肉能源。417Please respect copyright.PENANAn0Onq4jbFn
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3.減慢步速,減低運動時候的。VO2max數值。417Please respect copyright.PENANAPnmTjritA8
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在這裡我們亦可以與第一篇首尾呼應,單憑計算體脂而忽略糖原引伸出的HITTING THE WALL問題,就是箇中計算方式的其中一個大漏洞。417Please respect copyright.PENANARij17IV7wk
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。417Please respect copyright.PENANABgESPn9NDY
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Link:417Please respect copyright.PENANAPnkMHfNzaN
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio417Please respect copyright.PENANAlDam99caRj
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Ref1:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3165600/417Please respect copyright.PENANAwtOiOg0oDU
Ref2:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4771101/417Please respect copyright.PENANAPSvfTYvXjr
Ref3:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12048325/417Please respect copyright.PENANA05DpPaZAD7
Ref4:https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000960
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