科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–害蟲反制植物的防禦機制

植物雖無法躲避昆蟲的侵襲，但也並非是任蟲魚肉的存在。415Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡshthtiWV2Z
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它們對抗外敵的其中一道方式，就是在葉子中製造一些對昆蟲有毒的化學物。415Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKtUU2N7Piv
如果對方膽敢吃掉自己的話，下場就只有死路一條。415Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmwqAx7YfsK
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(圖2)圖中紅色結構的是葉子其中一種專用作對付昆蟲的有毒化學物(對人類及大部份動物無害)，而植物自身攜帶著一隻名為BtPMaT1的蛋白酶，它能夠將有毒的化學物改造成為無害化學物，相信是為了避免對付害蟲的時候會不慎毒害自己而設。415Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiGPCNeMmNg
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換句話說，植物有著製作毒藥能力的同時，亦可製作相應的解藥自保。415Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHTv1zDhfpE
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(圖3)然而，害蟲可不是吃素的(雖然的確是在吃素)，有科學家發現有部份害蟲身上竟然發展出跟植物一模一樣的BtPMaT1基因，相信是透過進食葉子時從中將該基因鑴在自己的基因圖譜裡頭，從而發展出對抗有毒化學物的方法。415Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2FEuW2rZHh
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現在有不少科學家正在研究箇中的機制，若然能成功拆解箇中的秘密，分分中可以反其道而行，將只對害蟲有毒的基因注入在植物裡頭，讓害蟲們偷取後自取滅亡。415Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY3d7R4sANN
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Ref1:https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00164-1415Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtUD3CGZLGc

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