who 和 whom 都可以解作「誰」,但文法角色不同。
簡單來說:
who = 主詞1912Please respect copyright.PENANAFFvSVKN3Wp
whom = 受詞
如果「誰」是做動作的人,就用 who。
例如:
Who is your teacher?1912Please respect copyright.PENANAzSImf9nLCE
誰是你的老師?
Who called you?1912Please respect copyright.PENANAAoeRn9A7XE
誰打電話給你?
這裡的 who 是句子的主詞。
但如果「誰」是動作的對象,就用 whom。
例如:
Whom did you speak to?1912Please respect copyright.PENANAChMH6C1TXV
你跟誰說話?
Whom did you invite?1912Please respect copyright.PENANA23QgjVfOda
你邀請了誰?
這裡的 whom 是受詞,因為對方是「被說話」或「被邀請」的對象。
不過,在日常口語裡,很多人會直接說:
Who did you speak to?
這在日常對話中很常見,大家也能接受。但如果是正式寫作、考試或商業文章,用 whom 會更精準。
有一個簡單判斷方法:
如果答案可以用 he / she / they / we / I,就用 who。1912Please respect copyright.PENANATwx4P6qsMy
如果答案可以用 him / her / them / us / me,就用 whom。
例如:
Who called you?1912Please respect copyright.PENANAgOUmb0AytM
答案是:He called me.1912Please respect copyright.PENANA1j3WMbNaAo
所以用 who。
Whom did you call?1912Please respect copyright.PENANAoVnH33uSIP
答案是:I called him.1912Please respect copyright.PENANA2aq8YHeFhV
所以用 whom。
可以這樣記:
who = he / she / they1912Please respect copyright.PENANAhsErVsdPsH
whom = him / her / them
現代口語裡,whom 已經沒有以前那麼常用,但在正式英文中仍然很有用。想寫得精準、有書面感,就要分清楚 who 和 whom。
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