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純粹係國策使然啫
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北德意志邦聯海軍司令繞過俾斯麥91Please respect copyright.PENANAGwOlLUlRxn
直接同中美洲哥斯達黎加協議設立軍港91Please respect copyright.PENANA3q6SsIVrsR
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殖民主義又從何談起呢?
以一個明瞭發展強大海軍弊端嘅歷史偉人91Please respect copyright.PENANA4zqUkJ6182
嚟命名一艘帝國最強大嘅戰艦91Please respect copyright.PENANAgmyRkuYk0s
總係有種開緊歷史玩笑嘅味道⋯⋯
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各國包括德國嘅民間都充斥住對探險嘅熱情91Please respect copyright.PENANA2WtVKPGhiU
形形色色嘅企業同地理學會都紛紛組團91Please respect copyright.PENANAYsi2Hok2Tg
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傳統殖民強國好似英法兩國91Please respect copyright.PENANAfV00WzT56z
同埋某個博晒老命搵殖民地嘅豆腐膶低地國91Please respect copyright.PENANAcZyv9YijWS
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啲探險隊當然就如魚得水啦91Please respect copyright.PENANAzcRn1cfven
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喺1868年俾斯麥寫畀佢老友戰爭部長羅恩伯爵嘅信中91Please respect copyright.PENANAGZMh7ZN1tg
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就係咁啲企業就算探到險簽到合作協議都好91Please respect copyright.PENANA4j48dD3OE7
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攞唔到國家資助自然就發展唔到啦91Please respect copyright.PENANAAZVYUw5xtE
不過情況好快就會有改變⋯⋯
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巴爾幹局勢暫時穩定落嚟91Please respect copyright.PENANAdlru6yTMDd
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為嗰個時代嘅歐洲確立咗一個和平嘅基礎91Please respect copyright.PENANA2dvFpbIkeb
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同巴爾幹動輒牽扯上幾百年嘅國仇家恨唔同91Please respect copyright.PENANAzpSwhKTOar
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從而繼續喺外交上孤立法國同分散佢對歐陸嘅注意力嘅話91Please respect copyright.PENANApvwSUvcMm0
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佢一定要有啲籌碼喺手91Please respect copyright.PENANAp8Ye1rXRFM
先可以埋枱玩91Please respect copyright.PENANA3UvmvtLtKU
咁代表俾斯麥要做樣佢唔係好想做嘅嘢──海外擴張91Please respect copyright.PENANAPffxCR7dDG
喺1880年尾開始91Please respect copyright.PENANAxmWFwA1Gbo
之前食飽閉門羹嘅企業同機構91Please respect copyright.PENANAIZ6Y572qFx
陸續獲得俾斯麥接見91Please respect copyright.PENANAQgCy0bKtSH
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1884年4月-德屬西南非洲(納米比亞);7月-西非嘅多哥蘭同喀麥隆;91Please respect copyright.PENANAEiXSsUuXwv
1885年2月-德屬東非(坦桑尼亞);4月-肯雅91Please respect copyright.PENANAkHhMgiVovj
加埋幾個喺南太平洋嘅群島仔91Please respect copyright.PENANAyTjCD3exx9
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就由冇到有咁建立起僅次於英法兩國、全球第三大嘅殖民帝國喇
德國喺非洲嘅殖民地
俾斯麥為日爾曼尼亞着起名為殖民主義嘅新裝
睇落好似好威威咁91Please respect copyright.PENANApVTWlTVKxf
不過呢啲殖民地其實都係掛個名係德國旗下嘅啫91Please respect copyright.PENANAv5qocf9cvo
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呢一紙特許狀純粹係畀呢啲殖民地公司專營權91Please respect copyright.PENANABdXASfwk0u
同喺“必要”時提供軍事援助啫91Please respect copyright.PENANAxggdyqiCgM
咩探索呀開發呀治安呀嗰啲麻煩就閣下自理喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAC4S8HP3SpI
呢個由私人公司主導嘅殖民模式係註定失敗嘅91Please respect copyright.PENANAd92y7FPbOi
皆因冇國家機器直接統籌嘅話91Please respect copyright.PENANAgcsLHGz1fK
民間機構係冇可能處理到殖民地入面嘅諸多事務91Please respect copyright.PENANAAuDoqwvs8B
強如英國東印度公司呢間有國家支援嘅百年老店91Please respect copyright.PENANA6sXLWLtJaL
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要政府接管執手尾
由牛油同豬油引發嘅1857年印度兵變
咁你會問明知死路一條點解俾斯麥都仲要行嘅91Please respect copyright.PENANArYCcJqgWyg
首先要搞清楚死嘅唔係俾斯麥唔係德國91Please respect copyright.PENANAvwT6bFDL6R
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畢竟呢啲殖民地開發不嬲都係高風險㗎啦91Please respect copyright.PENANAJiopXenVv4
佢地死冇人會覺得出奇91Please respect copyright.PENANA2SsutVEb5F
更重要嘅係俾斯麥本身就唔想發得太大91Please respect copyright.PENANALj4hPZF1lR
佢要嘅效果91Please respect copyright.PENANAv1iz2RcKXa
就係用最低成本91Please respect copyright.PENANAGYUgs0Gy8g
令德國喺短時間內91Please respect copyright.PENANA4FF62Pm5EF
獲取足夠多嘅殖民地91Please respect copyright.PENANARfq3A5LPLn
等佢可以喺嚟緊英法之間嘅殖民地爭議中善價而沽91Please respect copyright.PENANAVnzya2coF2
德國作為老三要做嘅91Please respect copyright.PENANAOx4QgEfAXs
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自己喺歐陸先會安穩91Please respect copyright.PENANAREejgDcw9I
呢樣就係俾斯麥點解喺1880年代無啦啦搞殖民主義最底層嘅原因喇
好喇籌碼就喺手喇91Please respect copyright.PENANA08h9yLuOXA
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俾斯麥需要一個好似上次柏林會議咁嘅外交場合91Please respect copyright.PENANA8L1MD4ZKYj
等佢可以遊走於英法嘅殖民地鬥爭之中91Please respect copyright.PENANAwwLbPpdOok
咁啱法國同比利時喺剛果河流域歸屬問題上嘅爭議91Please respect copyright.PENANAZwIIq5stVB
有越演越烈嘅趨勢91Please respect copyright.PENANAJfJHjsSnda
而本來已經衰落到冇人理嘅葡萄牙91Please respect copyright.PENANAwpG9PzZIwl
又突然喺櫳底摷咗份鹹鹹臭臭嘅條約出嚟91Please respect copyright.PENANA7deS9AgeJ8
話早喺15世紀已經同當地嘅剛果王國簽訂協議91Please respect copyright.PENANASsyqqUj1tA
可以自由使用剛果河口南岸嘅一大片土地91Please respect copyright.PENANAJMAl7HPSAQ
(即現今安哥拉,詳情請參閱第二集)91Please respect copyright.PENANA9Y4XRHZ2PT
要佢大佬英國撑佢維護當地嘅領土完整91Please respect copyright.PENANADC9wO1jcF9
忽然間剛果河就成為四國爭拗嘅熱點91Please respect copyright.PENANAkxzpHsnR5t
俾斯麥心諗喂掂呀屌你91Please respect copyright.PENANAA5pXwMZZzg
於是建議大家過嚟柏林開個會斟斟91Please respect copyright.PENANAji6syp4MLa
各國見上次柏林會議搞得幾靚仔吓91Please respect copyright.PENANADkn8QxuQim
都紛紛嚮應91Please respect copyright.PENANA7EPDVk71Zv
最終1884年11月15號喺俾斯麥嘅官邸91Please respect copyright.PENANA6TDEgJ3Ol0
齊集除咗瑞士同啲鹹豆咁細嘅鼻屎國外全部歐洲國家91Please respect copyright.PENANAJx0Po7gSr9
再加上美國同鄂圖曼總共14個國家同組織91Please respect copyright.PENANAJ8CXpF7SlM
(比利時係以國際剛果協會而唔係國家名義參加)91Please respect copyright.PENANAMHCdFFA33A
參與呢個惡名昭彰、後世駡不絕口嘅柏林剛果會議喇
其實呢個會喺外交上唔算好高級別91Please respect copyright.PENANAUqGIWv3zff
嗰時冇飛機91Please respect copyright.PENANAj1jhlmqH1b
要一國首腦掉低本國事務山長水遠去一個地方開個會91Please respect copyright.PENANAkMmZNibdxV
必定係關乎到國運嘅大事91Please respect copyright.PENANAbrOdCzLWLp
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與會嘅全部唔係外長就係首相本人91Please respect copyright.PENANAs2UiV2FCm4
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都係各國駐柏林大使91Please respect copyright.PENANAbIoXcqgcE2
亦因為咁佢地係做唔到重大決定嘅91Please respect copyright.PENANA0tfuOTrW9l
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啲大使都要聯絡本國外長甚至元首91Please respect copyright.PENANAULOqJkn3yP
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計埋聖誕同新年放咗幾日假91Please respect copyright.PENANAnJNOxctdvU
總共開咗104日91Please respect copyright.PENANA0JFGIW8tyb
到第二年嘅2月26號先完結91Please respect copyright.PENANAOgfV9QIuwU
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咁從側面反映91Please respect copyright.PENANAlbdU08Ve8m
喺嗰時對各國嚟講91Please respect copyright.PENANA9vqaOTZ6OZ
殖民地政策所佔嘅比重其實唔算好大91Please respect copyright.PENANA7nTizYgoY1
不過好快就會有改變
呢個會主要解決嘅問題有:91Please respect copyright.PENANAfDaDXJdgNy
1)剛果盆地歸屬91Please respect copyright.PENANABLgF09Gut3
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關於第一個問題91Please respect copyright.PENANAX2x2fCuXVF
喺我對上一篇《由比利時嘅斷掌朱古力講起》都有約略講過吓91Please respect copyright.PENANAAGQVn6hNdf
我就唔係呢度重覆喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAxOh8lp0WVc
簡單重溫吓91Please respect copyright.PENANAT8U6jm6uZ8
當時各國已經知道91Please respect copyright.PENANAMoITH7860G
利奧波德二世呢個掛住人道主義者面具嘅豺狼91Please respect copyright.PENANAVROwPR7wGA
背後嘅陰謀㗎喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAHCzC39NBTN
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畀中立國比利時控制中非呢一大片土地91Please respect copyright.PENANAobNGjlgd5r
對各國都有好處91Please respect copyright.PENANAARAY53wFdr
而法國喺剛果河北岸呢一輪大動作91Please respect copyright.PENANA7vCDzMT78r
目的都只係警示利奧波德二世唔好諗住踩過界啫91Please respect copyright.PENANAtyqLlN00Qc
並唔係真係想爭晒成個剛果91Please respect copyright.PENANA4qpjXVSA1Q
所以與會各國一致贊成由國際剛果協會管理剛果河南岸91Please respect copyright.PENANAaQmRkHdtu1
而北岸就歸法國所有91Please respect copyright.PENANAegOyMvijZp
就係咁91Please respect copyright.PENANAudXii8nrxA
剛果自由邦成為咗利奧波德二世苦心經營下嘅外交奇蹟喇
剛果自由邦北面疆界基本上就係剛果河
OK搞掂一樣會議繼續⋯⋯91Please respect copyright.PENANAIhVTiQBqTn
…咪住主席有樣嘢要搞清楚先91Please respect copyright.PENANA1J4EHUlUar
剛果盆地歸國際剛果協會我冇異議91Please respect copyright.PENANApXviXi5o0n
不過剛果河口個主權就唔同咁講喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAX4s4alkSkn
嗱呢份係我國喺1491年同剛果國王約翰一世所簽訂嘅合作協議91Please respect copyright.PENANAcR30iNBXcL
訂明我國可以自由使用整個剛果河口⋯⋯91Please respect copyright.PENANAAL4wEHFvwN
等等葡萄牙代表你收番張梅菜坐番低先91Please respect copyright.PENANAY5TcWLDsTp
唔使咁心急住91Please respect copyright.PENANAjgvZ1XNyUi
你呢個提案將會同你另一個提案一併處理㗎喇91Please respect copyright.PENANA6QRp2Oe10M
咳唔⋯⋯咁會議就進入第二個議題91Please respect copyright.PENANA3N5Hj2GCpQ
撒哈拉以南兩大河流──西非嘅尼日河同中非嘅剛果河91Please respect copyright.PENANA9HC9DxYYuv
一直都係通往非洲內陸最重要嘅航道91Please respect copyright.PENANAhfvZgBAzc3
關於呢兩大水系嘅通航問題91Please respect copyright.PENANA92pSXjOncT
其實就相對簡單91Please respect copyright.PENANAq4oUg8BMiE
因為成個會打正旗號係用自由貿易開化啲黑鬼達至遏止奴隸貿易91Please respect copyright.PENANAZPS47t1Iid
所以航行自由係必須嘅91Please respect copyright.PENANAZeTkuPCgvj
尼日河口位於英國佔據嘅尼日三角洲保護地91Please respect copyright.PENANAmn3B9JE6CY
理所當然進入尼日河所需嘅物流保安等等嘅需求同收益91Please respect copyright.PENANAwp7wNgyq1N
自然就由英國所負責同享用啦
尼日河同佢廣闊流域內嘅盆地
至於剛果河呢⋯⋯91Please respect copyright.PENANA0l3iXOGlYo
得得得你坐番低先91Please respect copyright.PENANAz7LgHhYJrU
而家就處理今個會第三個要解決嘅問題──何謂有效佔據91Please respect copyright.PENANAUkzzPP78Qs
順便講埋葡萄牙嘅議題91Please respect copyright.PENANAyycjQKZF9d
本來列強殖民非洲個玩法91Please respect copyright.PENANA0TUUvPP11n
一路都係佔據非洲沿岸各個河口海灣後91Please respect copyright.PENANA9F3FnOgeqS
再同當地土著簽吓合作協議、起吓貿易站仔91Please respect copyright.PENANAFPUK7noFZw
嗰度就歸佢91Please respect copyright.PENANAanGkgFboWb
不過畀啲先入局嘅咁樣咁低成本霸晒啲地91Please respect copyright.PENANATfIiV5wney
對後來者其實相當唔公平91Please respect copyright.PENANA8bBbwbXiIZ
俾斯麥建議殖民者需要同當地部落簽署協議之餘91Please respect copyright.PENANAWgdF2kqSNl
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好似有發展基建或者駐紮軍隊維持治安等等91Please respect copyright.PENANAq40yw95jIY
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目的就係要用呢堆小國嚟牽制英法呢兩個老牌殖民大國91Please respect copyright.PENANAWD0dYGuKPo
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就直程令俾斯麥如虎添翼啦
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葡萄牙其實係相當進取嘅91Please respect copyright.PENANAwtHbKqJbec
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形成貫穿非洲中南部嘅走廊91Please respect copyright.PENANArZ48sZ9fWu
即係所謂嘅“粉紅地圖”
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邊個先有資格去佔據嗰度91Please respect copyright.PENANAtbtd9Yrve5
以剛果河口為例91Please respect copyright.PENANA4QMArwgJfM
國際剛果協會已經證明咗佢對嗰度有實質控制91Please respect copyright.PENANAeiArqkodyU
而你就只係得份連簽署國都滅亡咗嘅歷史文件91Please respect copyright.PENANAwvU0iZOMsY
咁樣我地好難做㗎喎91Please respect copyright.PENANAx5pSKCe4hU
我建議剛果河口北岸歸國際剛果協會91Please respect copyright.PENANAeoFwtcAp3r
南岸就歸葡屬安哥拉91Please respect copyright.PENANAMHwDQPboTK
大家有冇異議?本來英國早喺2月已經同葡萄牙簽署協議91Please respect copyright.PENANA2P3SVPCcRL
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不過當呢份“粉紅地圖”一擺上枱面91Please respect copyright.PENANAsqOh8gI5tM
英國佬即刻嬲到紅都面晒91Please respect copyright.PENANAtvHNEt1BAK
事關如果畀葡萄牙建立到呢條中南非走廊嘅話91Please respect copyright.PENANAHAMBjKtreQ
佢嗰個籌備中嘅“縱斷非洲”計劃就會斷纜91Please respect copyright.PENANAiDP705mUmy
呢樣嘢係絕對唔可以發生
英國嘅“縱斷非洲”同法國嘅“橫斷非洲”91Please respect copyright.PENANAtHDn3eIWsT
是為非洲版過三關91Please respect copyright.PENANAD3TRILT1sd
詳情請參閱我對上一篇廢文
英國即時陷於兩難91Please respect copyright.PENANAovUEiNy6rV
如果支持葡萄牙個先發現原則攞剛果河口嘅話91Please respect copyright.PENANAOIO9396teA
佢就要同時承認“粉紅地圖”91Please respect copyright.PENANAwOkeDPP8d0
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佢就要接受俾斯麥嘅詭計兼背棄盟友91Please respect copyright.PENANAG04hrwdZTQ
兩害取其輕下英國佬決定叫葡萄牙吔自己91Please respect copyright.PENANAvBK27UbCfa
轉向支持國際剛果協會91Please respect copyright.PENANAGlFzoPBtcE
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而俾斯麥為英法兩國所搭建嘅呢個非洲鬥獸場亦就此完成喇
因為柏林會議嘅分割91Please respect copyright.PENANAqzdh1jZJxK
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自始成為一塊飛地91Please respect copyright.PENANAB3Dd5fGzoS往後章節都會提及吓非洲呢啲奇奇怪怪嘅劃界
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基本上都係喺非洲有殖民地嗰啲國家就領土劃分上互相博弈91Please respect copyright.PENANAFehBNfMFXq
例如德國讓出東非桑吉巴蘇丹國嘅主導權畀英國嚟換取北海一個小島啦91Please respect copyright.PENANAdyd2NhdwC7
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以尋求意大利承認法國喺突尼西亞嘅主權啦91Please respect copyright.PENANAXwV90zKpN2
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可能各位小朋友都對呢堆遙遠嘅名字感到陌生91Please respect copyright.PENANATi1x7afy1g
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事實上整個非洲就畀列強當成無主之地91Please respect copyright.PENANARUkr7Qzgw4
直尺一度、大筆一揮就被肆意分割91Please respect copyright.PENANAuWMI19T9It
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係非洲入面唔同部族喺千百年間自然演化出嚟嘅勢力範圍被重新劃分
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相同嘅部族又會試圖合併91Please respect copyright.PENANAXnalnIxnZ6
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又點會理會同預料到呢
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非洲喺二戰後各地武裝衝突地點示意圖
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就係往後非洲紛亂不堪最重要嘅起始因素喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAkeYI1kvq4E
根據地域可以將呢啲衝突歸類為四個“重災區”91Please respect copyright.PENANAaZPfjJyyQi
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2)北緯12度以南、撒哈拉同中非雨林之間嘅草原地帶
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自古以來就係兩邊人互相廝咬嘅源頭
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下一集《盛宴之後》再同大家吹過
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識睇嘅就梗係睇埋個尾啦91Please respect copyright.PENANAkvuobOKT63
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的確為各殖民宗主國提供咗一個文明解決潛在爭議嘅框架91Please respect copyright.PENANArUHeSSPFN7
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可以話係有今生冇來世
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呢台由俾斯麥一人擔綱嘅獨腳戲91Please respect copyright.PENANALPbvxH5GzN
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當嗰位自信滿滿又衝動成性嘅少主登基時91Please respect copyright.PENANANEQtsdroiH
俾斯麥嗰套遊走於各方矛盾嘅平衡91Please respect copyright.PENANAnMNGYgUBwc
就唔係好啱佢胃口喇91Please respect copyright.PENANAzpj4dOkvCG
佢覺得戰戰兢兢咁踩鋼線實在太慢太悶91Please respect copyright.PENANAFZ4fdJZjUM
不如痛痛快快咁玩跳火圈啦91Please respect copyright.PENANAd31Zx3hlNs
1890年3月22號91Please respect copyright.PENANAmZHFup9eVU
威廉二世以俾斯麥推行嘅反社會主義者法案過於激進為由91Please respect copyright.PENANA5P3XXorMgl
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威廉仔亦都開始周圍點火表演跳火圈喇
領航員落船
日耳曼尼亞同俾斯麥睇住兒皇帝玩火自焚
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漸漸合作變成對立、猜忌加劇矛盾91Please respect copyright.PENANAURiu3MFBkj
最終走向大戰⋯⋯91Please respect copyright.PENANAImngnfi0rz
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最佳答案有時真係未必有最好結果㗎91Please respect copyright.PENANAiq624U7wIj
如果1878年柏林會議時俾斯麥狠下決心撐俄國91Please respect copyright.PENANA7FVoJoClJt
令世界大戰由威廉一世-俾斯麥-老毛奇呢個鐵三角應對91Please respect copyright.PENANAsc1FWubU9A
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又會點樣寫呢個故仔呢?
91Please respect copyright.PENANAyPyMpZFEx0
-完-
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