
今集講講呢隻來自南美、名叫奎寧嘅蝴蝶48Please respect copyright.PENANA9zlR8bsGnm
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴48Please respect copyright.PENANAqmMW3RvNHZ
當初歐洲佬唔係笨撚柒48Please respect copyright.PENANACt7ayVC3Wb
佢地當然知道直接殖民非洲48Please respect copyright.PENANAgYexaLThKW
係可以減省好多運輸奴隸嘅開支啦48Please respect copyright.PENANAjakgKePfRH
事實上佢地一早就佔領晒非洲外圍嘅群島48Please respect copyright.PENANAD0ritei9dD
並喺嗰度利用黑奴建立起一個個嘅種植園48Please respect copyright.PENANAjrNjb0P9Ui
規模仲相當之大48Please respect copyright.PENANAkteFpwf8r9
好似葡萄牙喺畿內亞灣嘅聖多美普林西比48Please respect copyright.PENANAePOCmidQFR
喺16世紀就曾經係世上最大嘅產糖地48Please respect copyright.PENANAOCLIBop8Nt
(以重量計喺嗰時蔗糖同黃金係等值)48Please respect copyright.PENANAWk2YaoT9OL
聖多美普林西比(São Tomé and Príncipe)
不過同呢啲渺無人煙嘅外島相比48Please respect copyright.PENANAso5m4GJZgm
非洲內陸就完全係另一回事喇48Please respect copyright.PENANAp9KetV1VBK
對白人嚟講48Please respect copyright.PENANAqxqGQ2470l
撒哈拉沙漠以南嘅叢林地帶48Please respect copyright.PENANAEtXh6A8IPr
自古以來就係九死一生嘅毒龍潭48Please respect copyright.PENANAuEGJDuCubS呢片被稱為“黑非洲”嘅雨林48Please respect copyright.PENANA69GfnnYroc
古時就已經被認為係不可逾越嘅蠻荒之地48Please respect copyright.PENANAKHpvnsO7Zz
古希臘歷史學家希羅多德就曾經記載48Please respect copyright.PENANAL7oZFxJGc8
喺公元前530年48Please respect copyright.PENANASi7d6OLq1a
當時地上最強、啱啱征服咗埃及嘅波斯王岡比西斯二世48Please respect copyright.PENANAvNjlhXSWPE
佢派去探索呢個世界盡頭嘅遠征軍48Please respect copyright.PENANAqvmvpE268t
仗都未打就喺征途死咗一半人被迫折返48Please respect copyright.PENANAL42VMqbNp3
另外古羅馬曾經4次派遠征軍橫越撒哈拉48Please respect copyright.PENANAMRFZIACRdb
最後都係冇辦法穿越呢片浩瀚無垠嘅密林48Please respect copyright.PENANAnh7q7qgoNY
派入去偵察嘅斥候全部都有去冇回48Please respect copyright.PENANAlXiIfder63
原因就係以瘧疾為首嘅各種熱帶疾病48Please respect copyright.PENANADJgno2TxYC
希羅多德喺佢本《歷史》所描述嘅世界48Please respect copyright.PENANAdpDYhBzLap
要留意撒哈拉沙漠以南嗰個(Æthiopes)唔係而家嗰個埃塞俄比亞48Please respect copyright.PENANA7al4hng9Tx
呢個字古希臘文解“燒燶咗塊面”48Please respect copyright.PENANAzsNWVR6ijD
係指撒哈拉沙漠以南嘅非洲48Please respect copyright.PENANA0maud0SmWN
古希臘啲仆街仔諗嘢都真係幾撚地獄48Please respect copyright.PENANADt7vhLkhKx羅馬嗰4次遠征路線圖48Please respect copyright.PENANAxQNmNLRigW
雖然最後都係探索唔到非洲內陸嘅情況48Please respect copyright.PENANABKZncT1W3K
不過呢幾次都為日後橫撒哈拉貿易奠定基礎48Please respect copyright.PENANAeGNsqGkjBD
成就出之後風光一時嘅土著貿易王國48Please respect copyright.PENANAi2TCgA9v72一度興盛嘅橫撒哈拉貿易王國48Please respect copyright.PENANAN51uBOwZvG
其中以Mansa Musa呢位一路去麥加朝聖48Please respect copyright.PENANA7J876hKEjR
一路派金粒48Please respect copyright.PENANAnBSxfzqqQT
派到引發沿途地區嚴重通貨膨脹嘅馬里國王最為著名48Please respect copyright.PENANAVHLFVshxpi
不過呢啲財雄勢大嘅駱駝商旅48Please respect copyright.PENANAAmNHtesrKn
最後都係畀大航海時代帶嚟嘅海洋貿易所取代
呢啲病對歐洲人嚟講係魔咒48Please respect copyright.PENANAWdlCWzdCVW
但係對世居於呢片密林嘅黑鬼嚟講呢48Please respect copyright.PENANAB5N9s9tEpm
就係護身符喇48Please respect copyright.PENANApMfHjxPdNy
(有興趣嘅小朋友可以搵吓地中海貧血症、蠶豆症同瘧疾嘅關係)48Please respect copyright.PENANAedb4zlxRkC
正因為咁48Please respect copyright.PENANAijazJQoU0G
歐洲人對非洲內陸48Please respect copyright.PENANAa5A6wxGgRL
尤其係中非剛果盆地48Please respect copyright.PENANApmEczi4Afi
係一無所知48Please respect copyright.PENANAZ4zde9WEUx
一路以嚟所有嘗試深入剛果河流域嘅探險48Please respect copyright.PENANAeuyTax20FG
都係以災難收場48Please respect copyright.PENANAfbV7x1vCz8
好似喺1542年48Please respect copyright.PENANATGgiyCRvya
第一個發現剛果河口嘅歐洲人48Please respect copyright.PENANAHY3RdF4RMj
葡萄牙航海家Diogo Cão48Please respect copyright.PENANAY9iaSojC55
就係喺試圖探索內陸時病死喺河邊48Please respect copyright.PENANAzzYwHRoZMN
對嗰時嘅歐洲人嚟講48Please respect copyright.PENANA0oMmEJxBEG
佔領非洲本土代價實在太大48Please respect copyright.PENANAT9Mlbc5cPf
與其嘥人力物力喺非洲內陸建立殖民地48Please respect copyright.PENANAKRiRFu6LtY
不如同啲土著王國做貿易好過48Please respect copyright.PENANAtd9VITvKQ4
以葡萄牙為例48Please respect copyright.PENANAEj50e8nfQX
喺見識過剛果雨林嘅殘酷同當地巴剛果王國嘅強大後48Please respect copyright.PENANAMdw1CoZFSt
葡萄牙就決定喺剛果河口南岸較為乾燥嘅草原48Please respect copyright.PENANAZXrLNB2SfB
建立貿易站48Please respect copyright.PENANAcuEWq7wOXO
以教育、宗教同鎗炮48Please respect copyright.PENANAfjl2pKRxdT
嚟同呢個土著王國換取戰俘作奴隸喇48Please respect copyright.PENANAPYsV7vEcek
剛果河南岸嘅葡屬安哥拉
剛果國王阿方索一世喺1517年6月8號寫畀葡萄牙國王曼紐一世嘅信48Please respect copyright.PENANAhjLbVkWPMK
向佢呢位主內弟兄請求提供教會禮儀器具48Please respect copyright.PENANAkI6pAWf5a8
(以面積計剛果王國係當時世上最大嘅大公教國家)
去到近代48Please respect copyright.PENANARBomqSLPKX
就算係船堅炮利嘅英國佬48Please respect copyright.PENANAodIsB9HF5j
情況都唔好得幾多48Please respect copyright.PENANAiAaMAPg5lN
好似喺1816年有個叫James Tuckey嘅英國海軍上校48Please respect copyright.PENANACs34NZDxEl
組織咗隊探險隊尋找剛果河源頭48Please respect copyright.PENANAcSHOc0SyVm
結果由河口上溯唔夠100公里48Please respect copyright.PENANA8NCtcakyqg
54個隊員入面就病死咗21個48Please respect copyright.PENANAANXj7FayB1
包括佢自己48Please respect copyright.PENANAVRjgondy0z
所以直至19世紀中葉48Please respect copyright.PENANAYwgeD85tzB
中南非洲仍然係呢個地理大發現時代入面最大嘅迷團48Please respect copyright.PENANA05TcWBqTBW
Tuckey上校用生命所畫嘅剛果河口地型圖
1850年非洲地圖48Please respect copyright.PENANALneu1r04Xn
留意番中間橙黃色個“ETHIOPIA”唔係而家嗰個48Please respect copyright.PENANAoIiowKw0BE
呢度借用嚟標示非洲中部呢大片未探索之地48Please respect copyright.PENANArWYhGFcPfF
(嗰時埃塞俄比亞個英文名係Abyssinia, 由阿拉伯文翻譯過嚟)48Please respect copyright.PENANASBi0GtuDtR
不過奎寧普及後情況就唔同晒喇48Please respect copyright.PENANAZXg0voni2l
歐洲人喺非洲嘅生存率得以大大提升48Please respect copyright.PENANA4XP6NBj3tB
隨住人命成本降低48Please respect copyright.PENANAmwYDPdHYN8
探索非洲雨林嘅門檻48Please respect copyright.PENANAnmrORibjn1
已經下降到可以接受嘅水平48Please respect copyright.PENANABv5y8iOsGo
喺1850年代開始48Please respect copyright.PENANAho6bUgiT79
歐美各國政府、地理學會以至私人企業48Please respect copyright.PENANAxtQrf8CmS9
紛紛組織探險隊48Please respect copyright.PENANADI0drZfuNl
務求搶先其他人一步48Please respect copyright.PENANA65L8hPv5Ef
尋找失落喺中非密林嘅嗰幾塊拼圖48Please respect copyright.PENANAr1E2GjcFEw
其中最積極嘅48Please respect copyright.PENANA67iOFzAgDB
就係正處於維多利亞時期嘅英國喇48Please respect copyright.PENANA2KCrFd3zGX當時所缺嗰幾塊拼圖48Please respect copyright.PENANA6xnY0u0GwD
分別係:48Please respect copyright.PENANAOb9QzfWqFt
1.尼羅河源頭48Please respect copyright.PENANAePKNmnWxoy
2.傳說中浩瀚如海嘅中非淡水湖48Please respect copyright.PENANAProF2ntkrB
3.剛果盆地48Please respect copyright.PENANAu8yq9BZdAK
跟住落嚟嗰卅幾年48Please respect copyright.PENANAt8x6ARbWx5
喺一個阿拉伯奴隸主嘅協助下48Please respect copyright.PENANAUTSAnuSanY
憑住五個英國佬、一個斯拉夫白女奴以及無數黑奴轎夫嘅努力同犧牲48Please respect copyright.PENANAONH4BqFTKn
掩蓋中非嘅嗰片戰爭迷霧逐漸消退48Please respect copyright.PENANA2VfLX6t6A0
《大航海時代》最終DLC《瓜分非洲》終於上線喇48Please respect copyright.PENANAmjEJLqr7LR
1880年代非洲地圖48Please respect copyright.PENANAIouWyiG01E
對比番1850年嗰幅地圖48Please respect copyright.PENANABjKekfskFE
尼羅河同剛果河流域基本上已經被探索48Please respect copyright.PENANALjODANbKsR
再唔係被標示為“ETHIOPIA”喇
呢卅幾年嘅中非探險歷史48Please respect copyright.PENANA4RxtW9J0mF
所牽涉嘅人同佢地之間嘅恩怨情仇48Please respect copyright.PENANAcWmn59AYwW
的確相當引人入勝──48Please respect copyright.PENANAFcSLndOmYq
一個借探險之名研究各地性愛風俗嘅性書大亨48Please respect copyright.PENANATRdErmvln3
一個因個人臆測而引發後世幾場大屠殺嘅軍佬48Please respect copyright.PENANA5oagtTSXBM
一個濟世為懷但又志大才疏嘅醫生/傳教士48Please respect copyright.PENANAV1hSpA74Y5
一個為名利而不擇手段、甘願為惡龍做事嘅記者48Please respect copyright.PENANApM28lBW6L2
一個喺巴爾幹同鄂圖曼總督爭女嘅二世祖48Please respect copyright.PENANA42nqluOnEo
同一個持家賢慧但又驍勇凶悍嘅白女奴48Please respect copyright.PENANAuOKOrTsVRA
仲有一個喺暗中操縱一切、憑藉探險熱潮乘勢而起但又被一切反噬嘅阿拉伯奴隸主48Please respect copyright.PENANAIN1qP3HmM7
──用呢啲性格鮮明、經歷獨特嘅歷史人物寫嘅故事48Please respect copyright.PENANAxMNUtNsh1H
我諗都會相當有趣48Please respect copyright.PENANAp4628P1BfM
不過礙於篇幅所限48Please respect copyright.PENANA5ovjvn8Aud
我就唔喺度一一展開喇48Please respect copyright.PENANANHYLeZiBte
(除咗講盧旺達大屠殺嗰陣會提一提嗰個性書大亨同個軍佬)48Please respect copyright.PENANAYpvtV68WBT
可能或者有機會第日得閒開多篇嚟講吓啦吓
喺講啲列強點樣喺非洲玩到high翻天之前48Please respect copyright.PENANAUveXxo2iFV
首先要講講佢地瓜分非洲嘅誘因48Please respect copyright.PENANAGh1BQv7ed0
一切要由一場股災講起48Please respect copyright.PENANAa9PlZgapff
而家就睇吓呢日發生咗啲咩事48Please respect copyright.PENANA4kXeE0fPSh
搞到丁生咁好興致一家人齊齊整整上天台睇日落48Please respect copyright.PENANAVW3wDxWo6A
1873年5月9號星期五朝早48Please respect copyright.PENANA2ea7GXzsN6
維也納有個叫Adolf Petschek嘅猶太佬48Please respect copyright.PENANAMTZQor6Nw1
向法院申請將佢間公司破產48Please respect copyright.PENANAllCRvQ5aie
呢條友並唔係普通嘅阿茂阿壽48Please respect copyright.PENANAFIB95kvKOi
佢檔嘢係當時奧匈帝國以至整個中歐最大嘅證券商48Please respect copyright.PENANA5N36mw8Su0
一間咁有影響力嘅企業破產48Please respect copyright.PENANADg8zIT6ZYh
必然會引起市場動盪48Please respect copyright.PENANAYZq6hu7wFI
於是維也納交易所決定暫時休市48Please respect copyright.PENANAPXBlOZlsr0
咁就仆街喇48Please respect copyright.PENANAdVMWsCDURg
喺嗰個資訊唔流通嘅年代48Please respect copyright.PENANApVH7Pjovf3
停市嘅原因係冇辦法即時通知市場上所有參與者48Please respect copyright.PENANAakNOx84Wem
一時間謠言滿天飛48Please respect copyright.PENANAx4OPqlihIk
人喺恐慌下48Please respect copyright.PENANAdhjQ12yNOG
最正路嘅做法48Please respect copyright.PENANAxCMDXlWfk7
就係一有機會就攞cash旁身48Please respect copyright.PENANArhNqswUch9
所以當中午一復市時48Please respect copyright.PENANA1cWOyBeduj
所有人都湧去交易所48Please respect copyright.PENANAKxeSxMdPpO
務求以最快速度賣晒啲股票套現48Please respect copyright.PENANAuknonvH28Z
同時冇買股票又聽到消息嘅人48Please respect copyright.PENANAp7kyjX5gXT
都湧去銀行提走所有現金做成擠提48Please respect copyright.PENANAfwfZKgFZWy
一時間市場所有流動性枯竭48Please respect copyright.PENANAwbd3GU7Qbj
結果就連本身同Adolf間公司冇乜啦㨢嘅銀行同企業48Please respect copyright.PENANAyZOOuiOOjG
都因為資不抵債而債務違約48Please respect copyright.PENANACkV4dVYUUk
維也納交易所喺前一日都仲有141間銀行掛牌48Please respect copyright.PENANA49vTnb95nQ
到咗呢日下晝1點提早收市時48Please respect copyright.PENANA1bg3WD6KqU
就只剩低廿間左右48Please respect copyright.PENANA4pLnX4bUMc
整體市值直接斬半48Please respect copyright.PENANAb4AxEOSgTz
維也納股票市場喺呢日全面崩潰48Please respect copyright.PENANAqt90JHiBac
而向隅者只好喺已經閂咗門嘅交易所前同警察跳番part舞啦48Please respect copyright.PENANAmqWKmdTv8X
可能你會諗“崩潰我有經驗~輸清光我未發癲”48Please respect copyright.PENANAVUdg4B8kRt
股災又有咩好怕喎希望在明天吖嘛48Please respect copyright.PENANAUfCr6B5hEG
係嘅48Please respect copyright.PENANADUPxblK0do
呢啲金融風暴、金融海嘯真係同上帝一樣自有永有48Please respect copyright.PENANA07W8YYt2xc
咩鬱金香狂熱呀南海公司泡沫呀密西西比事件呀咁48Please respect copyright.PENANAtRvrzsGv35
啲泡沫吹爆完一個後48Please respect copyright.PENANAHuljrTNPzX
隔一輪又吹脹另一個48Please respect copyright.PENANATwKsrAlSRZ
就算喺嗰個年代都已經唔係啲咩稀奇嘅事48Please respect copyright.PENANALknsxl4DF7
不過今次有啲唔同48Please respect copyright.PENANAe34ody4UGN
隨住電報嘅普及48Please respect copyright.PENANAW0Lcnocxnw
唔同國家資本市場嘅距離變得越嚟越近48Please respect copyright.PENANA4lVL4c2aYi
而家就睇吓全球化48Please respect copyright.PENANAk653ZB9pRr
係點樣令呢次喺中歐嘅股災48Please respect copyright.PENANAELB9RzTC4A
演變成整個歐美世界嘅經濟災難48Please respect copyright.PENANAsNexaD1PzZ首先講吓個時代背景先48Please respect copyright.PENANAUH6w2VpeQW
嗰時正值普法戰爭後德意志帝國建國初期48Please respect copyright.PENANAZAVpn6QWAZ
法國因為法蘭克福條約而要賠款50億法朗畀德國48Please respect copyright.PENANAB35PABeYmt
德國政府就用呢啲錢嚟贖回之前發行嘅戰爭債券48Please respect copyright.PENANAnluTYpfazS
咁導致大量熱錢流入德國金融體系48Please respect copyright.PENANAIZubcDyf9N
本身債券持有者急需為呢啲資金搵出路48Please respect copyright.PENANAaaIF0QFylS
德國隔離嘅奧匈帝國睇中呢點48Please respect copyright.PENANAONf2ywWbBT
就大幅放寬金融市場嘅監管48Please respect copyright.PENANAJn7DvzdYJO
於是各色各樣嘅金融公司就如雨後春筍48Please respect copyright.PENANAdGk7F0sbaK
以各種名目去發行股票同債券集資48Please respect copyright.PENANAHohDifjXO5
好似投資匈牙利嘅小麥農場呀48Please respect copyright.PENANAmNeCQAOliP
或者連接維也納至布達佩斯嘅鐵路呀48Please respect copyright.PENANARcPPMvxTqa
甚至係啲只存在喺紙上嘅地產項目呀咁48Please respect copyright.PENANAySjgz4vjks
咁好似上面咁講48Please respect copyright.PENANA94PPhrEqQM
資本世界入面嘅國界48Please respect copyright.PENANA2xAokiiINs
隨住通訊技術嘅改進而變得越嚟越模糊48Please respect copyright.PENANAsocAnwJEov
作為當時生產力最強、資本最充裕嘅英國佬48Please respect copyright.PENANA7sSlyiZwpf
當然就唔會執輸叉隻腳埋嚟啦48Please respect copyright.PENANAZLejGR3wXA
喺呢啲熱錢嘅炒作吓48Please respect copyright.PENANAh7pX6weyLE
維也納股市暴漲48Please respect copyright.PENANAHAfT5XS8IX
喺1873年48Please respect copyright.PENANASF46oxI2sH
呢個吹波波遊戲終於到達高潮喇
喺呢年維也納舉辦世界博覽會48Please respect copyright.PENANAf1EuinAoTX
作為皇帝法蘭茲約瑟夫一世登基25周年48Please respect copyright.PENANAs1nTu8L8ew
兼向世界展現奧匈已經喺奧普戰爭戰敗中復原嘅慶祝活動48Please respect copyright.PENANALt2mDYHB84
呢次全球矚目嘅盛事可謂不容有失48Please respect copyright.PENANAif1htuZuSf
自1870年贏得主辦權後48Please respect copyright.PENANAValADI92bh
維也納到處都大興土木48Please respect copyright.PENANAPzMWOD7FSe
地產項目變得相當興盛48Please respect copyright.PENANA8u9lNWXmyW
啲熱錢梗係唔會放過咁好嘅炒作理由啦48Please respect copyright.PENANAslvlOjPZhn
更多嘅資本引致更高嘅升幅48Please respect copyright.PENANAu8x1SiS8K2
而更高嘅升幅就吸引更多嘅資本48Please respect copyright.PENANAsilaRY3Wgb
喺1873年頭到開幕前呢4個月間48Please respect copyright.PENANAjWGYtkv1HZ
維也納股市升咗一倍48Please respect copyright.PENANA0lWmeDLuEg
啲奧地利佬就嚟可以喺博覽會上表演左腳踏右腳上太空喇48Please respect copyright.PENANAymvuRyG4pK
1873年維也納世博主場館Rotunda48Please respect copyright.PENANA9lmYVQMFzH
就咁睇相都覺得相當宏偉48Please respect copyright.PENANAYLSAp52w8P不過可惜喺1937年一場大火中燒毀吖48Please respect copyright.PENANAEY3tolSrth
唔係嘅話而家應該係遊客必到嘅景點
當然最後佢地冇上到太空啦48Please respect copyright.PENANAUavqpWTW9K
仲拖埋全世界落地獄㖭48Please respect copyright.PENANAmYD1CZ9Ghr
喺5月1號籌備已久嘅世界博覽會開幕48Please respect copyright.PENANASHN2IJmtTM
奧皇到場發表演說兼攞威48Please respect copyright.PENANADeMGla3FPz
不過喺同一時間48Please respect copyright.PENANAiJeP64AefB
當時奧匈最大嘅銀行奧地利信貸突然將股票戶口清空48Please respect copyright.PENANArtvIfB4U6H
因為佢地判斷當世博開幕嘅一刻48Please respect copyright.PENANAxeImVAq5Wk
就係音樂停止嘅時候喇48Please respect copyright.PENANAQbAdtXaYc1
而家睇番呢個根本係自我實現嘅預言48Please respect copyright.PENANAxcdEMROq9z
因為咁做就會即時抽緊啲證券商嘅銀根48Please respect copyright.PENANA39LOt45iFd
作為最大嘅證券商48Please respect copyright.PENANAw4bp1JceMB
Adolf喺玩咗幾日兩個蓋冚十個煲後48Please respect copyright.PENANA3XAQIj7cNK
終於頂唔順爆煲48Please respect copyright.PENANAMr7hhCM61A
同時以英國資本為首嘅國際大孖沙48Please respect copyright.PENANApHeLOpTLEl
都畀呢次突如其來嘅股災殺個措手不及損手爛腳48Please respect copyright.PENANACReUjIvcYD
為防自身資金鏈斷裂48Please respect copyright.PENANA2ZXc63pcF3
佢地都開始喺歐美各主要市場減持甚至清倉48Please respect copyright.PENANAQrdRpQuSSw
以增加自己嘅頭寸48Please respect copyright.PENANAhJn7BJwzdf
咁導致各大資本市場嘅銀根進一步收縮48Please respect copyright.PENANAwg8XJY7FJ8
股價暴跌銀行擠提企業破產48Please respect copyright.PENANAUGJIbUGR5N
就好似骨牌一樣48Please respect copyright.PENANAkta0g1fQAJ
以維也納為中心向全球擴散48Please respect copyright.PENANAWFpvsZdBsZ
法蘭克福、巴黎、阿姆斯特丹、倫敦……48Please respect copyright.PENANABCx1Fx5EPV
各地股市債市相繼崩潰48Please respect copyright.PENANAQvLNfNh01I
甚至遠至紐約都受到波及48Please respect copyright.PENANAVnUy9CnyuY9月18號美國最大嘅鐵路融資銀行Jay Cooke & Co48Please respect copyright.PENANA97U4ujsT28
因為冇晒歐洲買家買佢啲債券48Please respect copyright.PENANAmL5UZYdsPF
還唔到一筆政府借貸而債務違約清盤48Please respect copyright.PENANA3thhwTZVwP
啲人見到咁大間銀行都搞唔掂48Please respect copyright.PENANAtCfLRtX3EF
都紛紛湧去各銀行提走所有錢48Please respect copyright.PENANA99U24gDwMZ
兩日內有廿間銀行接連因擠提而破產48Please respect copyright.PENANAjbFIrVcNf6
紐約交易所喺20號破天荒宣布停市10日48Please respect copyright.PENANA3lfHupNp8O
咁自然就帶嚟更大嘅恐慌更嚴重嘅擠提啦48Please respect copyright.PENANAkrf6ayUU0n
喺跟住嗰一年48Please respect copyright.PENANAmlXPFsgESz
呢啲金融機構清盤所引發嘅連鎖反應48Please respect copyright.PENANAvtYCrkZXO4
令全美國超過100間銀行同鐵路企業倒閉...48Please respect copyright.PENANA1znh1DHMBz
…相信經歷過2008年金融海嘯嘅小朋友48Please respect copyright.PENANAxv01kWy8nL
都會覺得有啲似曾相識48Please respect copyright.PENANA6isftMT9O1
冇錯48Please respect copyright.PENANAxw8SnLMUio
呢次被後世史學家稱為“1873年恐慌 ”嘅經濟災難48Please respect copyright.PENANAWkTA64gEaY
就係人類史上第一次因個別企業爆煲而引發嘅全球流動性危機48Please respect copyright.PENANAugxsTqCZgJ
1873年5月9號朝早48Please respect copyright.PENANAPPoRRqOCcQ
就係嗰個年代嘅「雷曼時刻」喇48Please respect copyright.PENANAhyi5gxc80L
咁啱得咁橋48Please respect copyright.PENANAMjm7zGgWu8
呢對猶太兄弟同佢地個阿哥所創立嗰間雜貨舖兼投資銀行48Please respect copyright.PENANA8diewFWK2X
喺呢次災難前察覺到鐵路同房地產市場嘅泡沫48Please respect copyright.PENANA63pGj1vxgR
而專注做番農業融資得以避過一劫之餘48Please respect copyright.PENANAvC5SSWFKqY
再踩住佢啲同行條屍壯大48Please respect copyright.PENANAh1oCM7bHwz
有咁嘅市場觸覺48Please respect copyright.PENANAUhKDb5la0t
他朝必定可以叱吒風雲主宰全球金融48Please respect copyright.PENANAb5exHaqW0p…吖一時唔醒起佢地姓安信定華納定咩㖭
呢次災難嘅後遺症有好多48Please respect copyright.PENANATNA89xfIN3
例如因為銀根緊繃息率急升48Please respect copyright.PENANAASUnGTieXG
令各行各業借貸成本暴漲48Please respect copyright.PENANAkTvklyc4X0
從而令大量民生企業倒閉失業率飆升48Please respect copyright.PENANAla9dZoO2Dl
引發歐美地區長達廿年嘅「長期蕭條」48Please respect copyright.PENANAWDQR9F67kZ
(本來1873年呢次係叫「大蕭條」嘅直至畀1929年嗰次搶咗個名)又例如猶太人被德語報章描繪成貪婪嘅吸血鬼48Please respect copyright.PENANALhdcYDeHFV
利用各種虛假嘅投資項目同高利貸48Please respect copyright.PENANAmygQbo4GEe
榨取勤勞善良嘅工人辛苦勞動得嚟嘅血汗錢48Please respect copyright.PENANAIknMPlh3Mr
從而引發德語地區新一輪嘅反猶太運動48Please respect copyright.PENANAI5wr7seMNl
為日後希哥嘅「最終解決方案」奠定基礎等等48Please respect copyright.PENANAuL4npqBBCa不過呢啲都唔係今集要講嘅嘢48Please respect copyright.PENANAPyehZjSYoh
呢度我想講講呢次流動性危機48Please respect copyright.PENANAKv0kX9GOwL
係點樣誘使歐洲人去瓜分非洲
要知道喺嗰個金/銀本位嘅年代48Please respect copyright.PENANAVnAp8ppIC3
錢唔係話憑一句“In aircraft carrier god we trust”就印到出嚟48Please respect copyright.PENANA75iWQtZZkN
而一個國家有幾多錢48Please respect copyright.PENANA7ZHb1kEe0G
就視乎佢嘅貿易順差有幾大喇48Please respect copyright.PENANApl6y0jtOwF
最完美嘅情況48Please respect copyright.PENANACQbSur9t8d
就係你有足夠多足夠平嘅商品之餘48Please respect copyright.PENANAJyeJIuA2XV
同時又冇需要進口其他國家嘅產品48Please respect copyright.PENANAQP1nnP4OHM
當時英國呢個日不落帝國48Please respect copyright.PENANAeTtXZJRTzK
就相當接近呢個情況喇48Please respect copyright.PENANAxn2vewk2D6
喺漫長而又和平嘅19世紀48Please respect copyright.PENANApXValCZLys
英國憑藉強大嘅工業力量48Please respect copyright.PENANAl4e3vtxZDm
支撐住絕對優勢嘅海軍48Please respect copyright.PENANAswjEnIr0rn
喺世界各地建立起一個又一個嘅殖民地48Please respect copyright.PENANA0n7Ozvcfp4
再由呢啲殖民地獲取各種廉價嘅工業原材料48Please respect copyright.PENANAwNSZiqJP6Q
令自己嘅產品喺世界市場上得到無可比擬嘅成本優勢48Please respect copyright.PENANAIY3e9fgJPW
賺取更多嘅外匯48Please respect copyright.PENANAORBKpZe1tA
從而建造更多更強嘅戰艦去霸佔更多嘅殖民地48Please respect copyright.PENANAlQCZ4aGeev
形成牢不可破嘅正循環48Please respect copyright.PENANAnZsNPoh0zg
簡單嚟講48Please respect copyright.PENANAadwiIy2ISg
重商主義嘅精粹48Please respect copyright.PENANARdoUIc1Deo
就係要獲取比對手多嘅資源(aka殖民地)喇48Please respect copyright.PENANAG4i4VOUV9f
1870年嘅日不落帝國
重商主義
嗰時嘅英國就好似而家嘅美國一樣48Please respect copyright.PENANA2X9TwfdC3b
都係全球資本市場最主要嘅資金來源48Please respect copyright.PENANAaZrYHdtqN7
所以當維也納股災引致英國收水時48Please respect copyright.PENANAXgyJsTknEb
全世界資本市場即時缺血48Please respect copyright.PENANAwI7FEShidq
各國即時反應就梗係止血啦48Please respect copyright.PENANAXmkD2ABLke
要止血最直接就加係關稅48Please respect copyright.PENANAPfNR9MBq4p
保護主義相繼喺各國抬頭48Please respect copyright.PENANA6go5lMlYin
不過對啲冇乜資源嘅國家嚟講48Please respect copyright.PENANAS9dftlv67T
短期止到血啫48Please respect copyright.PENANA3fBkBOjnG4
長期嘅話一樣營養不良48Please respect copyright.PENANAICLU9P98rI
因為你加得關稅48Please respect copyright.PENANAPm4je3Xs7b
人地一樣加得48Please respect copyright.PENANA53nxl1HZSy
你要入口工業生產所欠缺嘅原材料48Please respect copyright.PENANAxw6LjA2FeQ
所繳交嘅關稅最終都會反映喺價格上48Please respect copyright.PENANAtaCdmK8VaI
真係賺幾多都會畀人地啲關稅食晒48Please respect copyright.PENANAtO3FnPWsWw
所以最根本解決流動性危機嘅方法48Please respect copyright.PENANAlRHiIT1UyP
就係奪取更加多嘅殖民地48Please respect copyright.PENANAiDiQfVJ8FA
而喺嗰時48Please respect copyright.PENANAZNObReTgCs
全球仲未畀歐洲勢力劃分嘅地方48Please respect copyright.PENANAaF1zpl0zNt
就只有非洲內陸、太平洋啲山旮旯島嶼同南極洲48Please respect copyright.PENANAv505aRruhj
加上自1850年代以嚟嘅尼羅河溯源之旅48Please respect copyright.PENANAEfywuHMtTs
已經證實咗喺奎寧同格靈鎗嘅幫助下48Please respect copyright.PENANAiA5l7xPlqp
歐洲人係可以征服非洲最可怕嘅密林同土著王國48Please respect copyright.PENANAePtuMAaWsC
喺呢個前提之下48Please respect copyright.PENANAc8MESQLINg
《瓜分非洲》呢隻DLC就變得相當吸引48Please respect copyright.PENANA1IWKXApIOX
於是各個舊玩家好似西班牙、葡萄牙、英國、法國48Please respect copyright.PENANAanuIBrh8Gf
以及新玩家好似德國、意大利同某個豆腐膶咁細嘅低地國國王48Please respect copyright.PENANAITe8knQPn1
都紛紛組織探險隊同遠征軍48Please respect copyright.PENANARlsMaOX38d
務求快過對手一步48Please respect copyright.PENANA1km4fUBYzl
奪取更多嘅殖民地48Please respect copyright.PENANAwoA8FtrvCy
以喺呢個現代經濟模式中佔到先機48Please respect copyright.PENANAzSj13OBbZY面對有足夠健康嘅士兵同格靈機鎗48Please respect copyright.PENANA8M0nhQfZJJ
無論係南非草原嘅祖魯戰士48Please respect copyright.PENANAroEi5LZAMS
抑或係西非黃金海岸密林嘅阿散蒂叛軍48Please respect copyright.PENANAfQh4ux7Ncg
都喺一陣陣“突突突”聲中化成碎片48Please respect copyright.PENANAYcGTPb5piY
1876年非洲嘅殖民地48Please respect copyright.PENANA7WhAe59evU
可以見到除咗法國喺北非嘅阿爾及利亞48Please respect copyright.PENANAmCVChL3n6f
西非嘅塞內加爾48Please respect copyright.PENANAarKj64c059
英國喺南非嘅開普殖民地48Please respect copyright.PENANAGOpYjDp2Kn
以及葡萄牙嗰喺東非同西非嗰兩撻有名無實嘅殖民地外48Please respect copyright.PENANAq6M4bwtyms
其他嘅都係細到不值一提48Please respect copyright.PENANA7cd7z7rFEf
所有殖民地加埋都只有大約十份之一個非洲48Please respect copyright.PENANA69YWzDAfJq
相對於同時期歐洲人已經全佔美洲同澳洲48Please respect copyright.PENANA18lhhzjDi4
亞洲亦都有一半以上嘅勢力落入歐洲人手中48Please respect copyright.PENANABoqJK9AcI2
殖民非洲的確係緩慢好多48Please respect copyright.PENANAre4mdNSRe5
不過情況將會好快改變⋯⋯
48Please respect copyright.PENANAdy6Wg5oq7c
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會留意到48Please respect copyright.PENANAfc1B8eJN4n
今次金融災難明明美國佬都舐晒嘢㗎喎48Please respect copyright.PENANAFy0fcNW1Eb
點解後來佢地又冇玩《瓜分非洲》呢48Please respect copyright.PENANAP1AS9swsx7
(除咗喺西非嗰撻自由黑鬼放養地48Please respect copyright.PENANAB22V9ezjuQ
之後都會講講關於呢班源自非洲嘅外來物種有趣嘅故事)48Please respect copyright.PENANAigpK4Fyjz2
呢樣正正就係美國之所以為「天選之國」嘅原因喇48Please respect copyright.PENANAr2iSFvB2Ie
美洲係好柒大好多資源嘅48Please respect copyright.PENANAbQLUAmgQPw
地理上亦都離歐亞大陸好遠48Please respect copyright.PENANAAsyF14zEoj
與其山長水遠走去非洲同舊世界班老屎忽爭餅食48Please respect copyright.PENANAUbtXJOXWqk
不如留番喺度開發好過48Please respect copyright.PENANAJoUIqA2aw4
所以美國立國以嚟個發展方向都係向西48Please respect copyright.PENANAjwObud2dPd
由大西洋一路去到太平洋48Please respect copyright.PENANAIKwzhz9An2
再將太平洋變成自己個私家泳池48Please respect copyright.PENANA4a2vvPoCLp
成就出新一代舉世無雙嘅海洋霸權48Please respect copyright.PENANAQWeUgb4Ac2
呢啲就係美國自我實現嘅「昭昭天命」(Manifest Destiny)喇48Please respect copyright.PENANAPQpkfu8cY5
哥倫比亞女神右手攞住科學左手拉起電報線48Please respect copyright.PENANAnAFCVN2MDF
引領拓荒者將光明由東邊帶往西部48Please respect copyright.PENANAVyXtbUEvAW
留意番幅圖左邊啲印第安人係走住屌嘅
不過玩咗幾年啲列強就開始覺得有啲唔對路喇48Please respect copyright.PENANAjsYkUBvjs9
係呀面對啲揸住長矛牛皮盾嘅黑鬼48Please respect copyright.PENANAV95c1yrSUU
梗係冇問題啦48Please respect copyright.PENANA9Nd84IIK4R
不過玩到咁上緊48Please respect copyright.PENANAF86y618UZC
實會同其他玩家嘅領地有交接㗎喎48Please respect copyright.PENANAMRaEgo8is2
嗰度山長水遠到時有咩爭拗衝突都幾麻煩48Please respect copyright.PENANAyr0FmFdQDH
究竟點樣先為之有效佔領擁有咗某個地方呢?48Please respect copyright.PENANAaLDqqUkysF
領地內嘅河流係咪可以獨家使用定要同隔離分享呢?48Please respect copyright.PENANAwsSHCzb7Z9
呢啲問題隨住剛果盆地嘅爭議而浮上枱面48Please respect copyright.PENANA1qDGUvoRy3
──1880年法國探險家皮耶・布拉柴搶先一步喺剛果河北岸建立布拉柴維爾48Please respect copyright.PENANAdrlAW9rSJ7
當時比利時國王利奧波德二世隻馬仔亨利・史坦利見到唔對路48Please respect copyright.PENANApBNAIitOUw
就嗱嗱臨喺對岸起咗個以佢老細嚟命名嘅哨站仔(利奧波德維爾,即係而家嘅金沙薩)48Please respect copyright.PENANAXGV8h7Fw6n
以阻止法國佬南下48Please respect copyright.PENANAB4Sau0xaYg
由此引發咗一連串嘅領土同航行權爭議48Please respect copyright.PENANAz0PzE378ux
世上相距最近嘅首都(唔計羅馬同梵蒂岡)48Please respect copyright.PENANA2udzNCeWSd
直線距離唔夠3公里48Please respect copyright.PENANAneiiXCVTDB
不過最意想不到嘅48Please respect copyright.PENANA3hqAp8V6rv
係竟然有飛機航班來往呢兩個城市48Please respect copyright.PENANAEkc5k5kUku
全程唔使5分鐘
歐洲佬對呢啲殖民地領土爭議並唔陌生48Please respect copyright.PENANAQL4pudVXZQ
其實免得過嘅話佢地都唔想為呢啲殖民地打仗48Please respect copyright.PENANAmuGq46PocA
好似西班牙同葡萄牙簽署嘅《托爾德西里亞斯條約》同《薩拉戈薩條約》48Please respect copyright.PENANArLys3A17S3
就令呢兩個世仇唔使為爭奪全球嘅殖民地而大動干戈48Please respect copyright.PENANAI7zVEnU8SA不過今次咁多玩家一齊喺同一個地方玩嘅話48Please respect copyright.PENANAwpGNh4oYWF
所牽涉利益嘅複雜性48Please respect copyright.PENANAM5kDS3kNCI
就唔係呢啲雙邊條約可以處理到喇48Please respect copyright.PENANApe63nSckY2
佢地急需坐埋一齊研究吓48Please respect copyright.PENANAsKuQe5pNfQ
呢隻《瓜分非洲》48Please respect copyright.PENANAYtEmXeJHKK
究竟要有啲咩遊戲規則...48Please respect copyright.PENANAKRnvDsdhY8
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAPCC02b1l7d
.48Please respect copyright.PENANA3zJYDXPXm4
.48Please respect copyright.PENANArGhcFGRqLt
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAZe2HnMLR5S
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAgG3p8Oi42j
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAdyEDgx0fs7
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAWjItSPoxbe
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAyIOWoS8KdX
.48Please respect copyright.PENANApsBqYa2k4g
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAwhyse47YX7
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAP25ndh5LL5
.48Please respect copyright.PENANARiYGXId5WD
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAWlu8siea9a
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAHhCjdV6UCu
.48Please respect copyright.PENANA0R8OYwZP4f
.48Please respect copyright.PENANA037n1s4o2P
.48Please respect copyright.PENANANn5Cre5eig
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAeumkXvML1A
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAqmryx0Ean6
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAnLzJlKFVqQ
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAdwJyQayasv
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAExQeAQqYPi
.48Please respect copyright.PENANA672icZelYt
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAQRP7yhOADp
.48Please respect copyright.PENANATfOHN0cjZK
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAJGBOGdqxvA
.48Please respect copyright.PENANA0J3KSdSgFF
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAo6YIFtbFXF
.48Please respect copyright.PENANAZBBRJJk7tg
.48Please respect copyright.PENANA3IrWnfpHbQ
48Please respect copyright.PENANA20tVsodSkv
…唔使咁急喎48Please respect copyright.PENANAuTPgC9qwKp
食埋件餅先慢慢傾啦48Please respect copyright.PENANAPDF3zVGjqp下一集《柏林盛宴》48Please respect copyright.PENANAQC1TP81o2k
就會講吓呢個喺後世惡名昭彰嘅柏林會議48Please respect copyright.PENANAoesctUMwzt
當中嘅來龍去脈喇