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呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網163Please respect copyright.PENANAVUD8cd27No
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀163Please respect copyright.PENANADkZE5UbDJb
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就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下163Please respect copyright.PENANAKLJLw8Jh07
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇163Please respect copyright.PENANA7QcjWICK9u
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時163Please respect copyright.PENANAO1fQ93OVBI
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地163Please respect copyright.PENANAXdUx8TxoIa
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力163Please respect copyright.PENANAbiqynuxkka
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累163Please respect copyright.PENANAXAdOrGdZna
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖163Please respect copyright.PENANAvbtr5Cjqf3
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗163Please respect copyright.PENANAqVCKNIbCql
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多163Please respect copyright.PENANA6vR1YnWfZL
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易163Please respect copyright.PENANAb6RSXt6xF8
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水163Please respect copyright.PENANAqFJpNagb4J
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同環繞赤道一周差唔多163Please respect copyright.PENANAKsqLpjU8IO
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食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢163Please respect copyright.PENANA2jTJ8Z2YVV
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到下一年嘅春季起風先行得163Please respect copyright.PENANA07PEA3f62p
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天163Please respect copyright.PENANA5HBsPPwCC3
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非163Please respect copyright.PENANApkrkFbsxvl
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年163Please respect copyright.PENANAprockYSxsu
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又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等163Please respect copyright.PENANAEXVrlmq2x7
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加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊163Please respect copyright.PENANAyl84nlVeZg
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢163Please respect copyright.PENANAIejCkbE8VJ
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講163Please respect copyright.PENANAHH4ijGfwtd
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉163Please respect copyright.PENANAAyG1j7G2GY
就算食到都消化不良啦163Please respect copyright.PENANAbgf8DfwhbL
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站163Please respect copyright.PENANA3nlphSkJCP
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向163Please respect copyright.PENANAYTgRayc3IS
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞163Please respect copyright.PENANASXWVb9b6hb
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多163Please respect copyright.PENANAJRItvmCsTZ
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:163Please respect copyright.PENANA9aD6yV98Zo
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢163Please respect copyright.PENANAEqf0yb6gtq
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咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近163Please respect copyright.PENANAUf4rJbe1jf
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雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力163Please respect copyright.PENANA5MCoMt5Ryv
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁163Please respect copyright.PENANAthljebL729
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩163Please respect copyright.PENANAZzmzUKe5hi
美洲有耕地163Please respect copyright.PENANA2c1zNpO0up
非洲有人力163Please respect copyright.PENANAbXFOtB28zi
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心163Please respect copyright.PENANAcaxhgcrpsf
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦163Please respect copyright.PENANAUligIKtmK6
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢163Please respect copyright.PENANA9pyX0JjqaL
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼163Please respect copyright.PENANAFQTDKFmkn5
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢163Please respect copyright.PENANA9Igk1EyGWM
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國163Please respect copyright.PENANAzuGPr813Ms
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦163Please respect copyright.PENANA1vc9JSAMDv
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行163Please respect copyright.PENANA4p4m5MjuKZ
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣163Please respect copyright.PENANAM0TpnXk3f6
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴163Please respect copyright.PENANAYlZNiyp85g
由此激發各國投入人力物力163Please respect copyright.PENANAWLnrhVG4Rg
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器163Please respect copyright.PENANAX2lfT1R6Ud
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船163Please respect copyright.PENANAr4XW9n5oEl
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展163Please respect copyright.PENANAK4VAAGtvCL
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等163Please respect copyright.PENANAf7bFu3zUmy
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話163Please respect copyright.PENANAW7lSGaR38U
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易163Please respect copyright.PENANAa5CIbG5aLN
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲163Please respect copyright.PENANA6tIEvQmv8U為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度163Please respect copyright.PENANA2SWsaYvKFK
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:163Please respect copyright.PENANAq1J8SeLQ0b
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?163Please respect copyright.PENANAUOLG0Jdvi7
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒163Please respect copyright.PENANAzh73r8ga0F
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀163Please respect copyright.PENANA9GXwLMBqgl
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢163Please respect copyright.PENANAw7yDRmK2Al
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成163Please respect copyright.PENANALvd2zK2can
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉163Please respect copyright.PENANAsBeyJqqiiN
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現163Please respect copyright.PENANA22HE7G0NUo
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲163Please respect copyright.PENANAtiJzjSHm94
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉163Please respect copyright.PENANAWafOAINDKV
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團163Please respect copyright.PENANAzDwv36sCsV
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議163Please respect copyright.PENANAuQosdp78qN
準備選出新教宗喇163Please respect copyright.PENANAhNFjXwUmV1
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖163Please respect copyright.PENANA512y26AWsR
自16世紀起163Please respect copyright.PENANAgCT3YzhSu1
呢個小圈子選舉163Please respect copyright.PENANApxIrRMsE31
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控163Please respect copyright.PENANAH8Nv1fnxNB
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益163Please respect copyright.PENANAIXrIAHnb8h
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營163Please respect copyright.PENANAMZJbube3q7
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤163Please respect copyright.PENANAUMaQtHvdR8
有時仲會大打出手163Please respect copyright.PENANAOimQ8iRdSr
好似1605年3月嗰次163Please respect copyright.PENANAv8EIFVX4Eu
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨163Please respect copyright.PENANAnlx6NsFTU9
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈163Please respect copyright.PENANATpAFMwPeLg
不過呢個唔係今集重點163Please respect copyright.PENANAOYGrVyz7gH
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇163Please respect copyright.PENANAuMdynweAd8
我直接講個結果:163Please respect copyright.PENANAm9oTyp4mMW
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗163Please respect copyright.PENANAvT7w29i46J
法號伍朋八世163Please respect copyright.PENANAHtU4npcLA7
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員163Please respect copyright.PENANARMsuNMAepe
…163Please respect copyright.PENANAk5IqgznTX3
..163Please respect copyright.PENANAvaLJbhNh3i
.163Please respect copyright.PENANAnzOQCpsoBk
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???163Please respect copyright.PENANAZirzI55euA
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦163Please respect copyright.PENANA8w3fSrbdu0
佢地其實係病死嘅163Please respect copyright.PENANAh1s3DXkm4Y
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"163Please respect copyright.PENANAl8Onyq8OFs
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇163Please respect copyright.PENANANY6IG4kXwm
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播163Please respect copyright.PENANA4Z1HQEUb43
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時163Please respect copyright.PENANAecuVNQ2wxI
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味163Please respect copyright.PENANACXdmmBWPLq
係會令人發燒同病死163Please respect copyright.PENANA7EkDnUW5dg
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾163Please respect copyright.PENANAdGFmrhrHQG
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後163Please respect copyright.PENANAwpGwEiOPjz
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘163Please respect copyright.PENANAIltMTcuULY
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體163Please respect copyright.PENANAUwLv18w1MY
帶返去羅馬本土喇163Please respect copyright.PENANAePeyAvI89H
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶163Please respect copyright.PENANAWEjj3QsWKa
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖163Please respect copyright.PENANAFc8GD5JS0A
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地163Please respect copyright.PENANA55dnXiHjCd
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣163Please respect copyright.PENANA4wSNtHrQCc
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時163Please respect copyright.PENANACyg9Kqbwv6
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命163Please respect copyright.PENANASKTw3YbXCh
額我略十五世唔遲唔早163Please respect copyright.PENANA1Bx6fFvCNv
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋163Please respect copyright.PENANADutcFGkB8j
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇163Please respect copyright.PENANAjBnl7ATln7
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世163Please respect copyright.PENANAuTIYsN9k14
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召163Please respect copyright.PENANAZaKuoRYkJ3
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦163Please respect copyright.PENANAiGqYUEawLw
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病163Please respect copyright.PENANAk5h9ypW3xZ
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史163Please respect copyright.PENANAcAWMGkjrr4
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦163Please respect copyright.PENANAPjwgTuZoQI
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾163Please respect copyright.PENANAs8EUaS7ei5
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法163Please respect copyright.PENANAbF5mXOUsK4
真係唔醫好過醫163Please respect copyright.PENANA0K2mJ0ewlN
不過喺呢個大航海時代163Please respect copyright.PENANAhYNhhlpdhA
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢163Please respect copyright.PENANA0HxMheSqca
16世紀起163Please respect copyright.PENANAxzcTxWHsyV
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊163Please respect copyright.PENANAKBJCdx85wl
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲163Please respect copyright.PENANAo0bc73mjkS
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛163Please respect copyright.PENANA896w1ZYk1v
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人163Please respect copyright.PENANADE7atUwqZ9
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣163Please respect copyright.PENANAnRXvDXWMZ0
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目163Please respect copyright.PENANAQHccnxLHpS
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材163Please respect copyright.PENANAinwHV1NQ3g
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英163Please respect copyright.PENANAEr9c4EFlgl
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落163Please respect copyright.PENANAWG7MOq3Hgr
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦163Please respect copyright.PENANAuYCQ7wEB3k
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情163Please respect copyright.PENANAxnO8Ct3MHg
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....163Please respect copyright.PENANAOrY10FbW9i
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸163Please respect copyright.PENANAZHQMRS26sx
喺呢個地理大發現時代163Please respect copyright.PENANA7GKRV5WOni
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置163Please respect copyright.PENANAD4mP3vYH14
呢個故事嘅主要成份163Please respect copyright.PENANA6ybiKWuyr4
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初163Please respect copyright.PENANAPXZLvmAel7
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬163Please respect copyright.PENANAQeQVm7qddN
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後163Please respect copyright.PENANAWKtptP9nrM
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土163Please respect copyright.PENANArun68x0YSS
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就唔同咁講喇163Please respect copyright.PENANAV8qhliZcie
要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵163Please respect copyright.PENANA7w54sJmCpc
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉163Please respect copyright.PENANANpbuPZc4Em
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病163Please respect copyright.PENANACeEb8rskqB
服從性有幾高可想而知163Please respect copyright.PENANAfUAF1LFvxM
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫163Please respect copyright.PENANAxShGTVnfxj
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話163Please respect copyright.PENANAJ7TKhDrZEK
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講163Please respect copyright.PENANAVli0CDfb2Z
無疑係甘上加甘163Please respect copyright.PENANA9iu1M2EOxT
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢163Please respect copyright.PENANACq6jkW2MXf
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000163Please respect copyright.PENANAheX9YTJIIR
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度163Please respect copyright.PENANAbdnSEIavTt
錢就使咗效果又冇163Please respect copyright.PENANAT1CSd5W3tO
咁點搞?163Please respect copyright.PENANAHMcVN3XpEq
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”163Please respect copyright.PENANAnB52lONmep
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案163Please respect copyright.PENANAwikZuaEj6L
作為糖嘅發源地163Please respect copyright.PENANAm8QPiVPcjf
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像163Please respect copyright.PENANA8FZfPkYYKc
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右163Please respect copyright.PENANA3RgLWC3rXf
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官163Please respect copyright.PENANAe1HWmF6WXQ
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:163Please respect copyright.PENANAsnxQ1l6mnJ
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧163Please respect copyright.PENANAUBuHR9GL6W
溶入高濃度糖水163Please respect copyright.PENANAIMu6nPmAGc
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮163Please respect copyright.PENANAUrhl6B7Pfb
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿163Please respect copyright.PENANAhWTFvzV9r6
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度163Please respect copyright.PENANAyojgbASSh4
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇163Please respect copyright.PENANADswQpdSgR4
啲軍官再進一步163Please respect copyright.PENANAi4AbwYD9W4
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒163Please respect copyright.PENANACyXNkAfaES
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
163Please respect copyright.PENANAjBIxxYlHNR
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆163Please respect copyright.PENANAnoBgAmrqUu
法國人曾經試過用紅酒163Please respect copyright.PENANA1XJMCHYHZ0
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪163Please respect copyright.PENANA9fGCrWs1bO
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水163Please respect copyright.PENANAbixb0hzo82
味道完全唔融和163Please respect copyright.PENANAb5nKr5dzh0
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味163Please respect copyright.PENANAAG3ttazmW8
後來研究發現163Please respect copyright.PENANAte7H7JVfJi
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份163Please respect copyright.PENANAspEUINobIO
同奎寧結合成聚合體163Please respect copyright.PENANAgXz4cE2YyF
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道163Please respect copyright.PENANAaNoXu8zfL6
呢個偶然嘅發現163Please respect copyright.PENANAgkY2c7Nwu2
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎163Please respect copyright.PENANACdFcW6Lazk
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵163Please respect copyright.PENANAoq2WoOPNFe
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧163Please respect copyright.PENANAa0riUHGe0i
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥163Please respect copyright.PENANAFQXuovmmbt
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品163Please respect copyright.PENANAXblBjmNjCn
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度163Please respect copyright.PENANAoIakWvnUkS
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品163Please respect copyright.PENANA0dV3hoTYyV
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)163Please respect copyright.PENANABCtJhWEVA4
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水163Please respect copyright.PENANAk8VgWBmXg8
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水163Please respect copyright.PENANA1SczbR9lXH
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命163Please respect copyright.PENANAutztF8XnFh
例如喺1875年163Please respect copyright.PENANAWiqbKaERmo
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率163Please respect copyright.PENANA0u2RLa06pS
已經跌到去1.5%163Please respect copyright.PENANAuCRUXRk12Q
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面163Please respect copyright.PENANAkHkZVJXUcs
下集會講吓163Please respect copyright.PENANAToVinXmumC
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥163Please respect copyright.PENANAQCajjirnGK
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運163Please respect copyright.PENANACWDH48bpMJ163Please respect copyright.PENANAMeStHx0rin