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德國統一初期佢對海外擴張都係相當抗拒86Please respect copyright.PENANATQpztR3fII
原因之一係繼承自普魯士嘅帝國海軍86Please respect copyright.PENANAhYg4V5594W
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根本支撐唔到龐大嘅殖民地發展86Please respect copyright.PENANAxJxF0mLyiB
就咁其實德國唔係冇能力發展遠洋艦隊86Please respect copyright.PENANAIGiomTZLGa
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號稱遠東最強戰艦嘅定遠號同鎮遠號86Please respect copyright.PENANA1um85tlTSC
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個海軍咁鵪鶉嘅原因86Please respect copyright.PENANA2itonpvqei
純粹係國策使然啫
定遠號同鎮遠號喺德國港口付運時情況
俾斯麥刻意壓抑海軍發展86Please respect copyright.PENANAguZuD1YSYP
原因係避免同其他列強直接競爭86Please respect copyright.PENANAIZHpJIAOQs
例如喺1867年尾86Please respect copyright.PENANA78Az3fNDNj
北德意志邦聯海軍司令繞過俾斯麥86Please respect copyright.PENANAtH4GjwBWZK
直接同中美洲哥斯達黎加協議設立軍港86Please respect copyright.PENANAZuWMVTV2DA
當俾斯麥知道時即時叫停86Please respect copyright.PENANAy7UNqYWWjC
原因就係因為佢驚得罪美國86Please respect copyright.PENANAjb7zPbhbpZ
(門羅主義下嘅美國對歐洲國家介入美洲事務相當反感)86Please respect copyright.PENANAwyc0WPUMjV
對一個距離咁遠嘅強國都咁忌憚86Please respect copyright.PENANAKs172yeNfd
何況英國、法國呢啲傳統海軍強國86Please respect copyright.PENANAnxGheaG9wP
以德國個地理位置86Please respect copyright.PENANANOjNIdY8rO
發展遠洋艦隊86Please respect copyright.PENANAjsiLUt4Ofm
根本係浪費寶貴嘅國家資源86Please respect copyright.PENANAb7nVUGXv58
冇強大嘅海軍86Please respect copyright.PENANAnkqouFgShS
殖民主義又從何談起呢?
以一個明瞭發展強大海軍弊端嘅歷史偉人86Please respect copyright.PENANALbSJ4DoPqi
嚟命名一艘帝國最強大嘅戰艦86Please respect copyright.PENANA8jZ5AveYEX
總係有種開緊歷史玩笑嘅味道⋯⋯
不過官方嘅立場並唔影響民間對海外擴張嘅嚮往86Please respect copyright.PENANAOEgRqgCVtj
喺1860年代中期開始86Please respect copyright.PENANAelAdK5p2PU
尤其係探索剛果盆地成功後86Please respect copyright.PENANAZzouWuv8Ks
各國包括德國嘅民間都充斥住對探險嘅熱情86Please respect copyright.PENANAE66hotkw5v
形形色色嘅企業同地理學會都紛紛組團86Please respect copyright.PENANAGiUShoOCrn
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傳統殖民強國好似英法兩國86Please respect copyright.PENANA31AcTcMOVk
同埋某個博晒老命搵殖民地嘅豆腐膶低地國86Please respect copyright.PENANAKAZ0ibmzAT
因為有國家機器加持86Please respect copyright.PENANAkgkpB0OXQe
啲探險隊當然就如魚得水啦86Please respect copyright.PENANAtQXpDuuFdF
但係德國嗰啲就陰公喇86Please respect copyright.PENANA7wnhAachGS
喺1868年俾斯麥寫畀佢老友戰爭部長羅恩伯爵嘅信中86Please respect copyright.PENANAAh5BnbjMYB
佢表明唔會用納稅人嘅錢支持呢啲同國策相違背嘅私人企業活動86Please respect copyright.PENANAPZQM7qkIu6
就係咁啲企業就算探到險簽到合作協議都好86Please respect copyright.PENANAigmgiZ1JDk
到最後返到德國都會畀俾斯麥拒之門外白忙一場86Please respect copyright.PENANAXfNIXhx52m
攞唔到國家資助自然就發展唔到啦86Please respect copyright.PENANALx7JdE0RFT
不過情況好快就會有改變⋯⋯
1878年柏林會議後86Please respect copyright.PENANAIcYMz8Ds2E
巴爾幹局勢暫時穩定落嚟86Please respect copyright.PENANA38MegTu0aY
而德奧意三國同盟86Please respect copyright.PENANA9na5jGVLNc
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為嗰個時代嘅歐洲確立咗一個和平嘅基礎86Please respect copyright.PENANAU1WbcCx0qF
至少係表面上啦86Please respect copyright.PENANA0qgPlV9wpX
俾斯麥終於保得住德國個後欄86Please respect copyright.PENANA2fuXTpJkEP
可以專心應付嚟自法國嘅敵意喇86Please respect copyright.PENANA7Cwoxb63hL
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英法喺會上嘅枱底交易86Please respect copyright.PENANAuZ7Vn8AT58
似乎都預視咗嚟緊嘅外交角力焦點86Please respect copyright.PENANAWWniv24Fm6
將會由歐陸轉移到各殖民地事務上86Please respect copyright.PENANA93QJQJpGKX
同巴爾幹動輒牽扯上幾百年嘅國仇家恨唔同86Please respect copyright.PENANA7E5KMJHcDg
呢啲殖民地爭議86Please respect copyright.PENANASL4XFvE2HL
本質上純粹係基於經濟利益嘅啫86Please respect copyright.PENANAiVPlBhfbSF
德國要參與其中86Please respect copyright.PENANARXajqj8pgH
從而繼續喺外交上孤立法國同分散佢對歐陸嘅注意力嘅話86Please respect copyright.PENANAd229AVqNWG
就唔可以好似今次咁只係做個Honest Broker就夠86Please respect copyright.PENANAO6kdcexs86
佢一定要有啲籌碼喺手86Please respect copyright.PENANAGibnaaIOuP
先可以埋枱玩86Please respect copyright.PENANA9AhbZYxjDO
咁代表俾斯麥要做樣佢唔係好想做嘅嘢──海外擴張86Please respect copyright.PENANADQkJfoHGEm
喺1880年尾開始86Please respect copyright.PENANAltU3tLUnyI
之前食飽閉門羹嘅企業同機構86Please respect copyright.PENANAD8XjoS2Ljv
陸續獲得俾斯麥接見86Please respect copyright.PENANAqMvgdWCvhQ
並且陸續獲批殖民地嘅特許狀86Please respect copyright.PENANAl5P52KVWEe
1884年4月-德屬西南非洲(納米比亞);7月-西非嘅多哥蘭同喀麥隆;86Please respect copyright.PENANAvtZrqZe3bt
1885年2月-德屬東非(坦桑尼亞);4月-肯雅86Please respect copyright.PENANAL1n5MnHQXi
加埋幾個喺南太平洋嘅群島仔86Please respect copyright.PENANAwUeu1ic5DY
於是德國喺一年間86Please respect copyright.PENANA24DnKmxmjM
就由冇到有咁建立起僅次於英法兩國、全球第三大嘅殖民帝國喇
德國喺非洲嘅殖民地
俾斯麥為日爾曼尼亞着起名為殖民主義嘅新裝
睇落好似好威威咁86Please respect copyright.PENANAkdGLTPdMSJ
不過呢啲殖民地其實都係掛個名係德國旗下嘅啫86Please respect copyright.PENANACe5KGazA9J
因為俾斯麥根本唔想使太多錢喺呢度86Please respect copyright.PENANAQgmO1htenF
呢一紙特許狀純粹係畀呢啲殖民地公司專營權86Please respect copyright.PENANAgn6n5YZdTL
同喺“必要”時提供軍事援助啫86Please respect copyright.PENANAu4MwcaYo8L
咩探索呀開發呀治安呀嗰啲麻煩就閣下自理喇86Please respect copyright.PENANAKuXKLi0DDI
呢個由私人公司主導嘅殖民模式係註定失敗嘅86Please respect copyright.PENANAFjnAa5KpHJ
皆因冇國家機器直接統籌嘅話86Please respect copyright.PENANAuDruWwpUnk
民間機構係冇可能處理到殖民地入面嘅諸多事務86Please respect copyright.PENANAB3YKY0ONfK
強如英國東印度公司呢間有國家支援嘅百年老店86Please respect copyright.PENANAgm00aDjnyz
最後都要衰喺一場全國暴動上86Please respect copyright.PENANAJBXlV1Offc
要政府接管執手尾
由牛油同豬油引發嘅1857年印度兵變
咁你會問明知死路一條點解俾斯麥都仲要行嘅86Please respect copyright.PENANARrluZTgxvt
首先要搞清楚死嘅唔係俾斯麥唔係德國86Please respect copyright.PENANA2WygroqA66
而係啲私人企業86Please respect copyright.PENANAp9wvBkMUfb
畢竟呢啲殖民地開發不嬲都係高風險㗎啦86Please respect copyright.PENANAzMmNs1VFR4
佢地死冇人會覺得出奇86Please respect copyright.PENANArnZJbAMyjn
更重要嘅係俾斯麥本身就唔想發得太大86Please respect copyright.PENANAY0hdnAvraA
佢要嘅效果86Please respect copyright.PENANANDtBU0PmLr
就係用最低成本86Please respect copyright.PENANA9ecp1Bze52
令德國喺短時間內86Please respect copyright.PENANA4ZtRLSPBca
獲取足夠多嘅殖民地86Please respect copyright.PENANA9K6zm2HQAC
等佢可以喺嚟緊英法之間嘅殖民地爭議中善價而沽86Please respect copyright.PENANA9juUxtvMF3
德國作為老三要做嘅86Please respect copyright.PENANAPBwj99KwgC
就係平衡阿大同老二嘅勢力86Please respect copyright.PENANAe3fMPwtHTf
等佢地喺下面慢慢耗86Please respect copyright.PENANAFlLNQFx7wh
自己喺歐陸先會安穩86Please respect copyright.PENANA96AtMyODPu
呢樣就係俾斯麥點解喺1880年代無啦啦搞殖民主義最底層嘅原因喇
好喇籌碼就喺手喇86Please respect copyright.PENANASEcuczotVB
而家就爭咁張賭枱86Please respect copyright.PENANAUa9XC6PVPs
俾斯麥需要一個好似上次柏林會議咁嘅外交場合86Please respect copyright.PENANAi0U6kkUS0O
等佢可以遊走於英法嘅殖民地鬥爭之中86Please respect copyright.PENANAtBi1aqM3rv
咁啱法國同比利時喺剛果河流域歸屬問題上嘅爭議86Please respect copyright.PENANAgZkDlsVgvn
有越演越烈嘅趨勢86Please respect copyright.PENANAfC3ZpVNzwM
而本來已經衰落到冇人理嘅葡萄牙86Please respect copyright.PENANAm9SK6QwOqF
又突然喺櫳底摷咗份鹹鹹臭臭嘅條約出嚟86Please respect copyright.PENANA3ck6bBxTd4
話早喺15世紀已經同當地嘅剛果王國簽訂協議86Please respect copyright.PENANAjgJtL0mvWJ
可以自由使用剛果河口南岸嘅一大片土地86Please respect copyright.PENANAhCPFiHYewj
(即現今安哥拉,詳情請參閱第二集)86Please respect copyright.PENANACtMmXcYkaw
要佢大佬英國撑佢維護當地嘅領土完整86Please respect copyright.PENANA1ptixuV9aP
忽然間剛果河就成為四國爭拗嘅熱點86Please respect copyright.PENANAerNxls39OA
俾斯麥心諗喂掂呀屌你86Please respect copyright.PENANA5bJPNksYWy
於是建議大家過嚟柏林開個會斟斟86Please respect copyright.PENANA66j42jQTmO
各國見上次柏林會議搞得幾靚仔吓86Please respect copyright.PENANA6n4XyF2FCs
都紛紛嚮應86Please respect copyright.PENANAFCf2C3GpSL
最終1884年11月15號喺俾斯麥嘅官邸86Please respect copyright.PENANAAc3cJoWE1b
齊集除咗瑞士同啲鹹豆咁細嘅鼻屎國外全部歐洲國家86Please respect copyright.PENANALY0inCH1GF
再加上美國同鄂圖曼總共14個國家同組織86Please respect copyright.PENANATuCTp0uaiu
(比利時係以國際剛果協會而唔係國家名義參加)86Please respect copyright.PENANA8wE5xzLQK4
參與呢個惡名昭彰、後世駡不絕口嘅柏林剛果會議喇
其實呢個會喺外交上唔算好高級別86Please respect copyright.PENANASwUSFuHsQv
嗰時冇飛機86Please respect copyright.PENANASQQ4arV523
要一國首腦掉低本國事務山長水遠去一個地方開個會86Please respect copyright.PENANAYnpHeMIR7o
必定係關乎到國運嘅大事86Please respect copyright.PENANAiBPslfzDN8
好似上次柏林會議86Please respect copyright.PENANATbeeFVq0ef
與會嘅全部唔係外長就係首相本人86Please respect copyright.PENANAYC4q8nVhH4
相反今次嚟開會嘅86Please respect copyright.PENANAyxB54w6UJ7
都係各國駐柏林大使86Please respect copyright.PENANAhXwH7t874L
亦因為咁佢地係做唔到重大決定嘅86Please respect copyright.PENANAqpwFEA47Q2
每當要決定某啲事務時86Please respect copyright.PENANA7r8rIdsaoP
啲大使都要聯絡本國外長甚至元首86Please respect copyright.PENANAoMan2SIWhG
所以個會都拖到幾長吓86Please respect copyright.PENANAdX3nyPdZdl
計埋聖誕同新年放咗幾日假86Please respect copyright.PENANAlcsxEKMVGv
總共開咗104日86Please respect copyright.PENANAgJLohBUdrU
到第二年嘅2月26號先完結86Please respect copyright.PENANApDthElAU8q
(對比1878年嗰次就啱啱好開咗一個月)86Please respect copyright.PENANA1Zi87WulPz
咁從側面反映86Please respect copyright.PENANADnHeEaygJC
喺嗰時對各國嚟講86Please respect copyright.PENANAWZeUyvLdN3
殖民地政策所佔嘅比重其實唔算好大86Please respect copyright.PENANAKmjVkrFkBM
不過好快就會有改變
呢個會主要解決嘅問題有:86Please respect copyright.PENANA90LhLVGcTW
1)剛果盆地歸屬86Please respect copyright.PENANAlM5ni9603W
2)兩大水系(尼日河同剛果河)航權86Please respect copyright.PENANAvKXXZRAolF
3)何謂“有效佔據”86Please respect copyright.PENANALOMVpZMrCs
關於第一個問題86Please respect copyright.PENANAn868J3d1Qe
喺我對上一篇《由比利時嘅斷掌朱古力講起》都有約略講過吓86Please respect copyright.PENANAgEKeIodhu8
我就唔係呢度重覆喇86Please respect copyright.PENANAvg3G2ri1PR
簡單重溫吓86Please respect copyright.PENANAZfcpwqMNck
當時各國已經知道86Please respect copyright.PENANA2SCVDEjdF1
利奧波德二世呢個掛住人道主義者面具嘅豺狼86Please respect copyright.PENANAMWYPc83hvq
背後嘅陰謀㗎喇86Please respect copyright.PENANAV9PtuLPtY9
不過基於勢力平衡關係86Please respect copyright.PENANAwlnLYC7Ptu
畀中立國比利時控制中非呢一大片土地86Please respect copyright.PENANAyyLAsRg8q1
對各國都有好處86Please respect copyright.PENANAgcRn3S3BJt
而法國喺剛果河北岸呢一輪大動作86Please respect copyright.PENANAEq4iIYJBx4
目的都只係警示利奧波德二世唔好諗住踩過界啫86Please respect copyright.PENANAxWxUCXtvvM
並唔係真係想爭晒成個剛果86Please respect copyright.PENANArqDM8VOhsq
所以與會各國一致贊成由國際剛果協會管理剛果河南岸86Please respect copyright.PENANAawDybh7TBp
而北岸就歸法國所有86Please respect copyright.PENANAD5xcT9HILd
就係咁86Please respect copyright.PENANAqBK8vjeWmo
剛果自由邦成為咗利奧波德二世苦心經營下嘅外交奇蹟喇
剛果自由邦北面疆界基本上就係剛果河
OK搞掂一樣會議繼續⋯⋯86Please respect copyright.PENANA4wX6U7b7f5
…咪住主席有樣嘢要搞清楚先86Please respect copyright.PENANA7UCnHDGheR
剛果盆地歸國際剛果協會我冇異議86Please respect copyright.PENANAIRV4dG0YM6
不過剛果河口個主權就唔同咁講喇86Please respect copyright.PENANAtF21QOEmUr
嗱呢份係我國喺1491年同剛果國王約翰一世所簽訂嘅合作協議86Please respect copyright.PENANAvBOBgz6B4F
訂明我國可以自由使用整個剛果河口⋯⋯86Please respect copyright.PENANAi4o1wnm1Mq
等等葡萄牙代表你收番張梅菜坐番低先86Please respect copyright.PENANAFRcoV6fRFq
唔使咁心急住86Please respect copyright.PENANAbk3TN3cMvr
你呢個提案將會同你另一個提案一併處理㗎喇86Please respect copyright.PENANAxy4dHH9quf
咳唔⋯⋯咁會議就進入第二個議題86Please respect copyright.PENANAkVEV6B78QZ
撒哈拉以南兩大河流──西非嘅尼日河同中非嘅剛果河86Please respect copyright.PENANAMK302uqjBS
一直都係通往非洲內陸最重要嘅航道86Please respect copyright.PENANA4EzkFNAA6U
關於呢兩大水系嘅通航問題86Please respect copyright.PENANANtstuZabgj
其實就相對簡單86Please respect copyright.PENANAkxsUae4ur2
因為成個會打正旗號係用自由貿易開化啲黑鬼達至遏止奴隸貿易86Please respect copyright.PENANAa5ChaqmgPq
所以航行自由係必須嘅86Please respect copyright.PENANAUJAydN7tjH
尼日河口位於英國佔據嘅尼日三角洲保護地86Please respect copyright.PENANAc8iKKxBMxg
理所當然進入尼日河所需嘅物流保安等等嘅需求同收益86Please respect copyright.PENANA4X7SNwyJ7Q
自然就由英國所負責同享用啦
尼日河同佢廣闊流域內嘅盆地
至於剛果河呢⋯⋯86Please respect copyright.PENANAKhAFmSov5v
得得得你坐番低先86Please respect copyright.PENANAlaFkv5VL9v
而家就處理今個會第三個要解決嘅問題──何謂有效佔據86Please respect copyright.PENANAoNPLSBRE6p
順便講埋葡萄牙嘅議題86Please respect copyright.PENANANFjRoAxaZW
本來列強殖民非洲個玩法86Please respect copyright.PENANAAv4ugbseu2
一路都係佔據非洲沿岸各個河口海灣後86Please respect copyright.PENANApVt9rNOqLm
再同當地土著簽吓合作協議、起吓貿易站仔86Please respect copyright.PENANA7Sk3WdvWSq
嗰度就歸佢86Please respect copyright.PENANAnNvgAbNWPI
不過畀啲先入局嘅咁樣咁低成本霸晒啲地86Please respect copyright.PENANAw47dsMdPv1
對後來者其實相當唔公平86Please respect copyright.PENANALo8jTV6Q0K
俾斯麥建議殖民者需要同當地部落簽署協議之餘86Please respect copyright.PENANAqKIk2He0kF
並顯示對當地有實質控制86Please respect copyright.PENANAPlkZtbfcke
好似有發展基建或者駐紮軍隊維持治安等等86Please respect copyright.PENANAK56oHWGDXE
嗰度先算係佢轄下嘅保護國86Please respect copyright.PENANA4AlNWPUTQc
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就直程令俾斯麥如虎添翼啦
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葡萄牙其實係相當進取嘅86Please respect copyright.PENANAut81yaGm0V
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仲喺會議上提出以先發現原則劃地86Please respect copyright.PENANAasCjkA6UT4
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都劃晒畀佢86Please respect copyright.PENANAviSDsnrkI8
形成貫穿非洲中南部嘅走廊86Please respect copyright.PENANAH4OloyZmq4
即係所謂嘅“粉紅地圖”
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邊個先有資格去佔據嗰度86Please respect copyright.PENANAHow6R2GbFv
以剛果河口為例86Please respect copyright.PENANA40SEcCrhIA
國際剛果協會已經證明咗佢對嗰度有實質控制86Please respect copyright.PENANAHqfxdRbyKr
而你就只係得份連簽署國都滅亡咗嘅歷史文件86Please respect copyright.PENANAa9ViER0D6k
咁樣我地好難做㗎喎86Please respect copyright.PENANAvQpbbU0wnx
我建議剛果河口北岸歸國際剛果協會86Please respect copyright.PENANAeci3FC8i77
南岸就歸葡屬安哥拉86Please respect copyright.PENANAk0fuJx6bd1
大家有冇異議?本來英國早喺2月已經同葡萄牙簽署協議86Please respect copyright.PENANA4pv84diWKY
支持佢爭取剛果河口86Please respect copyright.PENANAhNp6O7aLuo
不過當呢份“粉紅地圖”一擺上枱面86Please respect copyright.PENANAnAprl27vE2
英國佬即刻嬲到紅都面晒86Please respect copyright.PENANAbphI4HQ0tg
事關如果畀葡萄牙建立到呢條中南非走廊嘅話86Please respect copyright.PENANATx3HsipC3d
佢嗰個籌備中嘅“縱斷非洲”計劃就會斷纜86Please respect copyright.PENANA4pa6swp1Bm
呢樣嘢係絕對唔可以發生
英國嘅“縱斷非洲”同法國嘅“橫斷非洲”86Please respect copyright.PENANAVDivqgRY0v
是為非洲版過三關86Please respect copyright.PENANAnxR6h2322W
詳情請參閱我對上一篇廢文
英國即時陷於兩難86Please respect copyright.PENANAMZHN8tAdIN
如果支持葡萄牙個先發現原則攞剛果河口嘅話86Please respect copyright.PENANAeAunuQ9eIp
佢就要同時承認“粉紅地圖”86Please respect copyright.PENANAvFWJiE9vHP
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兩害取其輕下英國佬決定叫葡萄牙吔自己86Please respect copyright.PENANAKT31JpToLy
轉向支持國際剛果協會86Please respect copyright.PENANAKWznQiB9Mp
利奧波德二世得到彌足珍貴嘅出海口86Please respect copyright.PENANAhUZhIsz7I7
獲得完全嘅外交勝利86Please respect copyright.PENANA8mf5PWiogp
而俾斯麥為英法兩國所搭建嘅呢個非洲鬥獸場亦就此完成喇
因為柏林會議嘅分割86Please respect copyright.PENANAK58UclIVhK
剛果河北岸安哥拉嘅領土86Please respect copyright.PENANAPUqG0AM4nZ
自始成為一塊飛地86Please respect copyright.PENANAM9ZfLleME4往後章節都會提及吓非洲呢啲奇奇怪怪嘅劃界
跟住落嚟嘅會議就係與會各國之間嘅雙邊或者三邊談判86Please respect copyright.PENANATjXW4vf80c
基本上都係喺非洲有殖民地嗰啲國家就領土劃分上互相博弈86Please respect copyright.PENANAQhSa5IF8KW
例如德國讓出東非桑吉巴蘇丹國嘅主導權畀英國嚟換取北海一個小島啦86Please respect copyright.PENANAaEMMQuAEO5
或者法國同意意大利佔領利比亞同非洲之角嘅厄立特里亞86Please respect copyright.PENANAwezl0iRH8n
以尋求意大利承認法國喺突尼西亞嘅主權啦86Please respect copyright.PENANAR5cvGW72VD
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可能各位小朋友都對呢堆遙遠嘅名字感到陌生86Please respect copyright.PENANANIpAMneuFb
冇錯86Please respect copyright.PENANA1uwcFwhYbq
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事實上整個非洲就畀列強當成無主之地86Please respect copyright.PENANAKm5onM3jKb
直尺一度、大筆一揮就被肆意分割86Please respect copyright.PENANA0Ic404FSOy
分割出嚟嘅“籌碼”就被用作交換各色各樣同非洲相關或者唔相關嘅利益86Please respect copyright.PENANAoIV6GTDi7P
至於啲世居喺呢片「未知國度」嘅黑鬼86Please respect copyright.PENANAOyteHqngvb
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係非洲入面唔同部族喺千百年間自然演化出嚟嘅勢力範圍被重新劃分
呢啲歐洲人強加於非洲嘅疆界86Please respect copyright.PENANAJOAbacvz07
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相同嘅部族又會試圖合併86Please respect copyright.PENANAEdjtWqgoTZ
非洲人嘅命運巨輪自始悄然起動86Please respect copyright.PENANAVLSlhs349j
整個非洲將會成為一部特大號嘅絞肉機86Please respect copyright.PENANA9IedMhQMKd
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對當時身處歐洲廟堂嘅諸公嚟講86Please respect copyright.PENANAKcyJNndRi7
又點會理會同預料到呢
殖民時期前嘅部族勢力分界同現代非洲國界重叠圖
非洲喺二戰後各地武裝衝突地點示意圖
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呢啲無視當地土著勢力範圍嘅分割86Please respect copyright.PENANA2gPqtRClYB
就係往後非洲紛亂不堪最重要嘅起始因素喇86Please respect copyright.PENANAHMHzhlbYeU
根據地域可以將呢啲衝突歸類為四個“重災區”86Please respect copyright.PENANAeHulG5NCeg
1)法國控制、穆斯林人口主導嘅北非地中海沿岸86Please respect copyright.PENANAC17kxTjnCf
2)北緯12度以南、撒哈拉同中非雨林之間嘅草原地帶
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自古以來就係兩邊人互相廝咬嘅源頭
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呢啲會喺嚟緊嘅章節慢慢去講86Please respect copyright.PENANAMxwQsuqmdR
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下一集《盛宴之後》再同大家吹過
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俾斯麥憑藉佢靈活嘅外交手腕86Please respect copyright.PENANAXZ8VLOu5Qd
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唔使動輒就要打要殺86Please respect copyright.PENANAAmOeEAhGgX
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以發展佢嘅經濟86Please respect copyright.PENANAhYw1EUIdX7
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可以話係有今生冇來世
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呢台由俾斯麥一人擔綱嘅獨腳戲86Please respect copyright.PENANAaFCJCxeU6q
終究有落幕嘅一日86Please respect copyright.PENANA5zR7iNXoT3
當嗰位自信滿滿又衝動成性嘅少主登基時86Please respect copyright.PENANAXzrMgirFOv
俾斯麥嗰套遊走於各方矛盾嘅平衡86Please respect copyright.PENANAukNd97837d
就唔係好啱佢胃口喇86Please respect copyright.PENANAqvcS2xyMYM
佢覺得戰戰兢兢咁踩鋼線實在太慢太悶86Please respect copyright.PENANAYR7hVZLSiS
不如痛痛快快咁玩跳火圈啦86Please respect copyright.PENANAQkQINdOxSA
1890年3月22號86Please respect copyright.PENANAhWjDficQf6
威廉二世以俾斯麥推行嘅反社會主義者法案過於激進為由86Please respect copyright.PENANAmGr6p6Ca7z
迫令佢辭職86Please respect copyright.PENANAG8r6SvmfGL
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威廉仔亦都開始周圍點火表演跳火圈喇
領航員落船
日耳曼尼亞同俾斯麥睇住兒皇帝玩火自焚
“俾斯麥體系”隨之而瓦解86Please respect copyright.PENANAKBsl7yL368
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德國再唔係穩定歐陸勢力嘅伙伴86Please respect copyright.PENANAyW7QGqKLpy
而係反覆無常嘅計時炸彈86Please respect copyright.PENANAVCGuKPZapf
漸漸合作變成對立、猜忌加劇矛盾86Please respect copyright.PENANAIyoa0Ur0mt
最終走向大戰⋯⋯86Please respect copyright.PENANAFi9syNHPwq
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最佳答案有時真係未必有最好結果㗎86Please respect copyright.PENANA4vHixaYZwV
如果1878年柏林會議時俾斯麥狠下決心撐俄國86Please respect copyright.PENANASQR7vxuiE3
令世界大戰由威廉一世-俾斯麥-老毛奇呢個鐵三角應對86Please respect copyright.PENANA8ho3txd65O
歷史會唔會改寫呢?86Please respect copyright.PENANAalZllvJ0LK
德意志帝國同沙俄會唔會繼續存在?86Please respect copyright.PENANAFQ6elmUcXK共慘黨又會唔會被掃進棺材呢?86Please respect copyright.PENANAw8J9w1xZT1
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又會點樣寫呢個故仔呢?
86Please respect copyright.PENANAtPBzl6TIRh
-完-
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