科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–殺蟲劑會否對益蟲造成不良影響？

全球約有35%的食物產量，均依靠傳粉者例如蜜蜂等支撐而成。而甲蟲、蟻蛉等昆蟲則幫忙捕食蛀食農作物的害蟲，讓農作物得以健康成長。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡajEFyDtRho
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHO6hK5VR9h
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2KN4i2JhDM
在這個層面上，農作物所使用的化學殺蟲劑，究竟會否對益蟲造成傷害?524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjveMxzRM5i
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzEjO5eMYMM
(圖2)Neonicotinoid insecticides為舊式殺蟲劑的一種，內含的Neonicotinoid物質會與昆蟲神經線內的NAChRs結合，引致昆蟲的神經系統癱瘓而致死。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE5Oba4Ax83
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHF2GtmeqIC
想知更多關於裡頭的相關機制，可參閱:https://www.penana.com/article/477009524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsWso5edxth
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ppcrivpr9
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBWliam0sNp
因著其擁有對昆蟲無差別的攻擊特性，益蟲害蟲均會送命。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCC7mf0to7U
正因如此，全球均已有措施禁用此類殺蟲劑，以歐盟EU地區最為嚴厲。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgenDIGLBA3
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2Ml2WjxUxn
題外話，人類與昆蟲的NAChRs有著結構式的分別，所以殺蟲劑對人類的傷害相對上較細。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYa4SHrALu6
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡni4nx60Nr7
(圖3)基於舊式殺蟲劑的禁用，新式殺蟲劑已開始廣泛使用。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJZBO54H5QV
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyuSvnyyNKH
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpZrTxiI7jF
Butanolide and sulfoximine-based insecticides為兩款新式的殺蟲劑，但其殺害昆蟲的原理跟舊式一模一樣。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWpIettefCi
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZbeYD5UkJc
新式與舊式重大的分別在於其化學結構的不同，根據IRAC(Insecticide Resistance Action Committee)的分類方式，舊式殺蟲劑界定為4A組別，而新式殺蟲劑界定為4C及4D組別。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEttKjOPAR5
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBGgdFfN65y
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZao56Db7BD
(圖4)那麼新式殺蟲劑除化學分類組別的不同之外，對比舊式殺蟲劑還有甚麼過人之處呢?524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEdu44dF1BE
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXpi8VziR19
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEUvBG34W2G
答案是接近沒有過人之處，它們對益蟲依舊造成傷害。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIXSGjFUafR
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4s9Pg7mhal
Flupyradifurone的穩定性與舊式殺蟲劑接近一樣，能長年積累在環境裡頭。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6mcNUVCi51
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZh2AjukzfD
以蜜蜂為例，雖然低劑量不會對東方蜜蜂(Apis cerana)造成重大修亡，但同等劑量會引致西方蜜蜂(A. mellifera)大量死亡。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIAuvy7Yned
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZgJusmQdBP
相對上，另一款新式殺蟲劑Sulfoxaflor的穩定性則有所減低，2-3日後在大自然的濃度會減退50%。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡImRO1ZOX0m
奈何它對蜜蜂生育率造成顯著的不良影響，歐洲熊蜂(B. terrestris)在低劑量的影響下，生蛋率及幼蟲孵化率分別下降31及40%。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡexqEiSGpnI
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLIEDNXKrTw
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRE6KHu8eDZ
顯然，新式化學殺蟲劑並沒有改善舊式殺蟲劑的問題。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbc7NVkhIRw
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6z7t1N9itL
在審核殺蟲劑安全性的時候，往往只會對數款昆蟲作出毒性的檢驗，但大自然的昆蟲品種何其之多，加上昆蟲本身的獨特性，對一款益蟲無害並不等於對另一款無害，因此難以評估真實對大自然的影響。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLoqnbor0s7
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe2pAUWhrKz
同時間，現有的評核制度並沒有估核對昆蟲往後的生育影響，這將是一道值得深思應否加進評核殺蟲劑安全性的條件之一。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPLQWz2OuY4
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYzqzBJ1EP7
以上的資料來源均取自Ref1。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5gfdb2gY5m
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHJfkPBD23I
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAFXx6icKpY
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrdIZ6ZVIFN
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhUDzB5F6dk
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbcvvb6xvLs
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrkrKJBSaJO
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyVhjvqTzbj
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡym7W0RGmqW
Link:524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ03g9HvvDy3
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0pamY5NoyJ
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ4MbcvsZjw
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmZmljAuw2y
有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMga0i1Ynx2
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDHdEArnCHj
https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzLFYvdcNd4
524Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT8Xpl2iw3N
Ref1:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7542824/

ns216.73.216.237da2

介面主題:

字體大小:

行距:

段距:

自動加載下一章