科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–武漢肺炎病毒D614G變種

武漢肺炎病毒現時的主流品種為D614G，一道較為簡易的說明方法就是原來的D614品種變異成為G614品種。640Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡogmkwxik1Y
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而根據GISAID公開資料庫記錄，G614品種最先在1月24日的四川病毒樣本出現。640Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5tFey852ej
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（圖2）何解G614品種能夠成為主流，一直是科學家想解答的問題。640Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAbQy9sJSsR
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之前所獲得的實驗數據，大多是從病毒一小段的部份、或者是合成病毒獲取結果，沒能百分百反映現實。640Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv5v9g5YL9k
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直至最近，才有科學家利用真實存在的武肺病毒進行實驗。640Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw5p5sgeLRT
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（圖3）在研究中（Ref1)，科學家將D614品種及G614品種以1 : 1的比例從倉鼠的鼻孔注入其體內。640Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡddMQe8Jaw6
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如果最終G614品種/D614品種的比例大於1的話，亦即是代表G614品種在繁殖方面比D614品種更為優勝。640Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTBR142nwEN
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（圖4）倉鼠受病毒感染7日後，鼻孔、氣管及肺部個別區域的G614品種/D614品種均大於1，顯示G614品種在上述區域有著較佳的繁殖優勢。640Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnkyHCz9DaV
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同時在實驗室的人體肺部細胞中，就算用上D614品種及G614品種以9 : 1的比例方式感染，G614品種/D614品種在其後感染日子均呈大於1的狀態，更進一步顯示G614品種的繁殖優勢。640Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT4c9HaGrSC
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（圖5）科學家同時亦發現，G614品種的病毒在各種溫度上均比D614品種相對為穩定。640Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOfdMYK2NAa
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不過好消息是，對抗D614品種的抗體，其對抗G614品種品種效率並無任何損傷。640Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfy7KLOUFal
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這亦即間接顯示出以D614品種作原材料的疫苗，其產生的抗體亦能有效對抗G614品種病毒，而事實上現今亦有疫苗是利用G614品種作原材料，奈何是鄰國出品。640Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg2gD1t37Xb
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（圖6）至於近來在挪威發現的新變種M439K品種，基於是新發現的關係，現時醫學界及學術界均無任何學術文章作詳細研究其特性。640Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvZSDENZfa3
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莫論病毒變種與否，只需一個乞嗤，病毒就已經不需近距離接觸，便能透過體液傳播至他人。640Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ895DzFSCfR
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將「新變種」及「不需近距離接觸」串連在一起的報導手法，有著混淆視聽的成份，並不可取。640Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcAHf1XKNWc
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2895-3640Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNv8jrLFRQ6