科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–新「器官」tubarial glands的發現

早前新聞亦有廣泛報導有新「器官」tubarial glands的發現，乃為研究人員在替前列腺病人作檢測的時候無意中尋覓出來。911Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlPfsIwAU8e
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本文會將整個發現的過程深入淺出一番，順帶講及一下關於癌細胞的話題。911Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgsB83fOREl
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部份癌細胞會傾向攝取葡萄糖提供能量及原料，以支撐其生長速度。911Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtfXkQBkbIw
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18F-FDG-PET scans能夠檢查細胞的葡萄糖攝取量，因而被採取為一道癌細胞的檢測工具。911Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5ameMCPfjG
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但並不是所有癌細胞均會傾向攝取葡萄糖，以前列腺癌為例，他們傾向攝取Glutamine（氨基酸的一種）及Fatty acid，因此18F-FDG-PET scans並不太適用於前列腺癌檢測方面上。911Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgnHGXymcLk
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（圖2）而在檢測前列腺癌方面， PMSA-PET scans是其中一種取代18F-FDG-PET scans的方法，原因是前列腺癌擁有較多的PMSA數量，因此在檢測中會被呈現出來。911Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM1aXNyISCP
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而負責分泌唾液的唾腺(Salivary gland)，在正常運作狀態下，亦會被PMSA-PET scans檢測得到。911Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVpvRDeAB5t
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（圖3）而就在利用PMSA-PET scans檢驗前列腺病人的時候，研究人員發現了一道在書本上沒有記載的區域(藍色箭嘴所示)，與已知的唾腺位置並不吻合（Ref2)；911Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt3cAHFwseN
他們足足檢驗了100名病人樣本，所有人均擁有這區域。911Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7OJN91Ir4G
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（圖4）從一男一女所捐贈的身體解剖中，肉眼亦可見到其結構的存在，而研究人員亦有做實驗證實其結構擁有大量PMSA，與PMSA-PET scans的結果相乎。911Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡupvCU8KDG2
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基於其結構在Torus tubarius位置發現，研究人員提出命名這結構為tubarial glands的主張。911Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNop57WgQJP
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而究竟應該定位tubarial glands為器官、組織、還是人體第四對唾腺，至今還需要尋求醫學界的共識。911Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo5ljBcTUYJ
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若然被證實其結構有著唾腺作用的話，那麼日後進行放射治療的人員便要加倍小心不可傷及其結構位置，以免傷害病人正常器官的運作。911Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ4Bk063td2
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Ref1:https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/en-us/news/mso-case-operated-thyroid-carcinoma.html911Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvAzAnrFPbd
Ref2:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167814020308094911Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbg35ivZPMk

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