科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–人工降雨

近兩日看到了下面一則新聞，因而生起念頭寫上本篇文章，介紹一下人工降雨的概念。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLCTzfcESGB
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「中國福建省寧德市因日前缺雨，官方宣布8日至9日將進行「人工降雨」，不料，8日下午市區突降暴雨、嚴重淹水，不但汽車直接泡水中，還一度緊急撤離居民，民眾懷疑應是「人工降雨」劑量錯誤釀禍，感嘆「寧德大概是第一個因為人工降雨把自己淹掉的城市吧！」，對此，官方未多做說明。」1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMcnNkk6w6C
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（圖2）要了解人工降雨的原理，我們自當然要快速了解一下雲到底是如何形成，以及甚麼條件會觸發下雨事件發生。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBcUmV5Shab
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太陽為大地帶來溫暖，亦同時把海洋的水份蒸發成氣體上天。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeiW0csd5yF
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高度越高，溫度便會越低，水蒸氣亦會變成為水珠。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaeoCXZFZAU
而當水珠遇上各種微粒（如圖中所示）後，便能在其上凝結。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxCy6HqYhVr
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（圖3）凝結在微粒的水珠最終會變成為結晶狀。當這些結晶集合一起後，便會形成雲。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQkungt28NU
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隨著時間推進，大地的水蒸氣不斷湧上天空，源源不絕的水珠不斷在結晶上繼續凝結，導致結晶體積越來越大。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvtNej57qfB
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當結晶體積大到某一個程度的時候，便會因著地心吸力的緣故降落到地上，亦即是雨。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaO8sGBAwxt
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（圖4）其中一種人工降雨的方式，亦是中國在北京奧運及西藏地區常用的手段，就是利用地上燃燒或者飛機、無人機以及火箭的方式把化學物（silver iodide,AgI）注入到雲中裡頭。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0eTGDpFFeH
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AgI的角色就是促進水珠結晶的形成，提供一個優越的表面讓雨裡的水珠凝結，加速結晶體積增加的速度，最終誘使雨水降到地上。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgioDexlKmD
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這種人工的方式至少有兩種限制，一就是雲隻的存在，若果天上沒有雲的話，你送多少AgI上天也是徒勞無功的。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOuAOBRs8pr
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二就是雲隻的溫度，雲的溫度隨著高度亦會有所不同，只有低過攝氏零度的雲隻AgI才會發揮顯著功效(Ref1,2)。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNwUeZO9B99
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因此，這種人工降雨的方式必需配合各種的天氣感測或量度系統輔助，才能找出適當的時機製造人工降雨。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyk8ISERUGD
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另一方面，這種人工降雨的方式無疑是先洗未來錢，中國在2018年的西藏地區至少興建了500個焚化爐（Ref3)，意圖大幅增加西藏地區的降雨量。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUTsX8GS4pA
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這種手段間接促使到鄰近地區無法獲取充足雨水，這責任又應該是由誰來負責呢？而且，瘋狂運送科學物到天空，受害的最終會是誰?1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSU2f2NNXxo
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那些「不應存在天上」的化學物，又是否會導致酸雨發生呢？1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHUyOOp7GHP
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfOvcnBNkrP
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm9lT8axkn9
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ83PKd4K65v
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Link:1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ26DvosQkPO
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRIpEd2w6Ip
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYRl5AJvbHI
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Ref1:http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.17169951151280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjT6VMxAUsr
Ref2:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S092188311000169X1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKsy2wGqP0K
Ref3:https://singularityhub.com/2018/04/24/china-plans-to-bring-artificial-rain-to-area-three-times-the-size-of-spain/1280Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHKIEMdVeGI

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