閱讀難度:⭐️⭐️868Please respect copyright.PENANA9xcXli7tlr
在我們的日常用語中,一個人敢做一些普通人不敢做的事,我們都會說他比普通人大膽。但明明膽只不過是人體器官之一,究竟是什麼使他成為了勇氣的代名詞呢?英文語境中有個有趣的事實,「guts」一詞翻譯成中文會是「膽量」,但「gut」本身是指腸道,難道加了「s」,多於一條腸就等於是膽了嗎?868Please respect copyright.PENANAQj4atlpL0i
868Please respect copyright.PENANACQQooiwJfT
#主決斷868Please respect copyright.PENANAQoZBkALlJl
根據中醫對人體臟腑的認識,膽的生理功能有二,其一是貯存和分泌膽汁,讓膽汁去到小腸,幫助消化和吸收食物。這與西醫所理解的膽差別不大。868Please respect copyright.PENANAfpxHtiKdHZ
868Please respect copyright.PENANAISEIQp6wF9
其次,就是《素問·靈蘭秘典論》所說的膽主決斷:868Please respect copyright.PENANAu84AIIorjl
868Please respect copyright.PENANAZVu1Fpcv0R
「膽者,中正之官,決斷出焉。」868Please respect copyright.PENANAupJGbkdpIC
868Please respect copyright.PENANAK7Df3pMjzE
所謂「中正」,即公正、果敢。所以膽具有做決定的角色,將肝的謀略付諸實行。而當膽有病,則不但會影響決斷功能,還會反映在精神活動上。868Please respect copyright.PENANAZywnf2PgJr
868Please respect copyright.PENANA8t8TQwxZ39
《靈樞·邪氣臟腑病形》:「膽病者,善太息,口苦,嘔宿汁,心下澹澹,恐人將捕之。」868Please respect copyright.PENANAp7gPkAEYqi
868Please respect copyright.PENANAeo05FltT9K
常說心藏神,主神志,但若無膽作決斷,仍是會心神不寧。所以兩者是相輔相成。868Please respect copyright.PENANAsrUER0Byho
868Please respect copyright.PENANAt4EBuWfy8Q
#十一臟868Please respect copyright.PENANAzcFGQm5Juu
《說文解字》曰:「決,行流也。 從水、從夬。」描繪了衝破決裂的景象,形象地說明「膽」所做的「決」正是有種作出突破的意義。868Please respect copyright.PENANAGESwLDCEMf
868Please respect copyright.PENANAAPrldUc6jW
《素問.六節藏象論》中有耐人尋味的一句:「凡十一臟皆取決於膽也。」時至今日,對此仍有各種不同的理解。868Please respect copyright.PENANAbQsPA956jj
868Please respect copyright.PENANAI839jphXG1
其中,有一種解釋是指膽氣助正抗邪,反應了人體正氣盛衰。《素問.經脈別論》曰:868Please respect copyright.PENANALCWOfws2D8
868Please respect copyright.PENANAtGmNRo0GB4
「勇者氣行則已,怯者則著而為病也。」868Please respect copyright.PENANA5o4e4mhEpg
868Please respect copyright.PENANALvGZMEwGfT
正氣強盛是一個人表現出果決勇敢的基本條件。而正氣能夠抵抗外邪,強健臟腑功能狀態和促進氣血運行。所以,只需看一個人是勇是怯,便能知其膽氣盛衰,更是能對其他十一臟的功能強弱略知一二。868Please respect copyright.PENANAICpPdIcEsV
868Please respect copyright.PENANAymu4Zs14ZD
#膽大小868Please respect copyright.PENANA9drS3f0qsR
《難經.四十二難》:「膽在肝之短葉間,重三兩三銖,盛精汁三合。」868Please respect copyright.PENANAKk5QrV6KWQ
868Please respect copyright.PENANA2X0IBKFWcI
現代一般不會量度膽的重量,但容量就可以拿來比較一下。這裏說的「精汁」是指膽汁,「三合」在當時漢朝的度量衡中相當於現在的60毫升。而現代解剖所了解的膽,容量大概是50毫升。868Please respect copyright.PENANA87llvxlMF0
868Please respect copyright.PENANA7zqXTf0Dik
這樣看來,漢朝時期人的膽還是大一點。868Please respect copyright.PENANAfPNInSXqvZ
868Please respect copyright.PENANAhI5alKb3Tz
#人解剖868Please respect copyright.PENANA0YqZvZK9aN
當然,古代的解剖量度存在很大誤差。所以,人的膽臟越大,人是否就越大膽這個問題似乎不容易回答。但在古代,有此般好奇的從來不乏其人,甚至往往都是位高權重的皇帝。868Please respect copyright.PENANAwFRym8qjxf
868Please respect copyright.PENANAIP3Y2YvDdI
有記載的首次解剖事件是在《漢書.王莽傳》:868Please respect copyright.PENANApTLMIKD19W
868Please respect copyright.PENANAOIFuRPeLWU
「翟義黨王孫慶捕得,莽使太醫、尚方與巧屠共刳剝之,量度五藏,以竹筳導其脈,知所終始,云可以治病。」868Please respect copyright.PENANAISkvFmKzxy
868Please respect copyright.PENANAhMvrmNk3bu
王莽是當時新朝的皇帝,王孫慶是反抗的義軍。王莽命令將抓捕的王孫慶身體剖開,看看他是有多大膽才去造反。868Please respect copyright.PENANAHFhbbpya5C
868Please respect copyright.PENANARZ5LUyb1wQ
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膽大就大膽?
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膽大就大膽?
Author:
懸壺廬

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