科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–殺蟲劑會否對益蟲造成不良影響？

全球約有35%的食物產量，均依靠傳粉者例如蜜蜂等支撐而成。而甲蟲、蟻蛉等昆蟲則幫忙捕食蛀食農作物的害蟲，讓農作物得以健康成長。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYQFEs0Ez09
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBHYsHSZ4YG
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkKiQSfD59h
在這個層面上，農作物所使用的化學殺蟲劑，究竟會否對益蟲造成傷害?457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtGfEXOFA5g
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9mAoCjf5sx
(圖2)Neonicotinoid insecticides為舊式殺蟲劑的一種，內含的Neonicotinoid物質會與昆蟲神經線內的NAChRs結合，引致昆蟲的神經系統癱瘓而致死。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGv3MSpgel1
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuQxVPVE8At
想知更多關於裡頭的相關機制，可參閱:https://www.penana.com/article/477009457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ16h4z8z7PP
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRLC8Sx9qVk
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEMglLtN7jM
因著其擁有對昆蟲無差別的攻擊特性，益蟲害蟲均會送命。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmWU0KsiF8f
正因如此，全球均已有措施禁用此類殺蟲劑，以歐盟EU地區最為嚴厲。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFF6QbvIcM3
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgy632VEBnT
題外話，人類與昆蟲的NAChRs有著結構式的分別，所以殺蟲劑對人類的傷害相對上較細。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxqKFOoAGZ2
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBUHxLKbQMA
(圖3)基於舊式殺蟲劑的禁用，新式殺蟲劑已開始廣泛使用。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2KGRmJKTYP
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYNPCberDcb
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZvDbn5UfK2
Butanolide and sulfoximine-based insecticides為兩款新式的殺蟲劑，但其殺害昆蟲的原理跟舊式一模一樣。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjKqiBfqDfF
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWqCcAQsPda
新式與舊式重大的分別在於其化學結構的不同，根據IRAC(Insecticide Resistance Action Committee)的分類方式，舊式殺蟲劑界定為4A組別，而新式殺蟲劑界定為4C及4D組別。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJl7s2BRwWm
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡov31cbrKDI
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVZIOodYm0X
(圖4)那麼新式殺蟲劑除化學分類組別的不同之外，對比舊式殺蟲劑還有甚麼過人之處呢?457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4HxapPbIk4
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8Y5kQEWYbE
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaUWJHeUEFg
答案是接近沒有過人之處，它們對益蟲依舊造成傷害。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfqb3ItmuxX
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYeQasVXkcc
Flupyradifurone的穩定性與舊式殺蟲劑接近一樣，能長年積累在環境裡頭。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwODzfuHyTr
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIiDO0yd9OO
以蜜蜂為例，雖然低劑量不會對東方蜜蜂(Apis cerana)造成重大修亡，但同等劑量會引致西方蜜蜂(A. mellifera)大量死亡。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEmPx9WMKtZ
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp0SH401Fu9
相對上，另一款新式殺蟲劑Sulfoxaflor的穩定性則有所減低，2-3日後在大自然的濃度會減退50%。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBYKcjWBN11
奈何它對蜜蜂生育率造成顯著的不良影響，歐洲熊蜂(B. terrestris)在低劑量的影響下，生蛋率及幼蟲孵化率分別下降31及40%。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7A3rf11xuw
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEQqWQzbCy2
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtv6jNVhRSM
顯然，新式化學殺蟲劑並沒有改善舊式殺蟲劑的問題。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC3Xjs9qUgH
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLVWf23ZkZ6
在審核殺蟲劑安全性的時候，往往只會對數款昆蟲作出毒性的檢驗，但大自然的昆蟲品種何其之多，加上昆蟲本身的獨特性，對一款益蟲無害並不等於對另一款無害，因此難以評估真實對大自然的影響。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQDI8AW3mf5
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5yJmN1gAQM
同時間，現有的評核制度並沒有估核對昆蟲往後的生育影響，這將是一道值得深思應否加進評核殺蟲劑安全性的條件之一。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdASUrVKBN2
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX8r5P9pbi5
以上的資料來源均取自Ref1。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnpzmjBd4si
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsYa2yJtEOO
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9VbmMMiD30
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzQuwmEgBZD
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUdczkta1XC
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoR6ojy7Ojw
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ64R1XdH8JH
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6r7J3f2yFh
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO5nrJypFyA
Link:457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLNvIAyJZkZ
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeGHkwGNecg
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD6Kzzc7CvL
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjYv2aEERFq
有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd492n8g55d
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3SNnnxeE3p
https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlQUXrRMjS6
457Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBrwmAJ0gBb
Ref1:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7542824/

ns18.216.230.65da2

介面主題:

字體大小:

行距:

段距:

自動加載下一章