日常家中的污水,會排放至污水處理廠作淨化處理。596Please respect copyright.PENANA17xAIkJ8k3596Please respect copyright.PENANAcNrTNhH5Qx
但你有沒有想過,污水其實包含著各式各樣的資料呢?596Please respect copyright.PENANATnRiCX4uc5
596Please respect copyright.PENANA5F9WruSaPX
596Please respect copyright.PENANAktfiNVDLgL
(圖2)圖中的星星為北京市的中心,而八個英文字母的所在地則為污水處理廠的位置。596Please respect copyright.PENANAQFs0OXt9RC596Please respect copyright.PENANAPkVp30nNkd
596Please respect copyright.PENANAgVNfd41PpB
有科學家特意從八道污水處理廠拿取未經處理過的污水,檢測裡頭的抗生素濃度(Ref1),初心是因為出自於人民對抗生素使用的認知不足。596Please respect copyright.PENANA5JXR3LEYvu
596Please respect copyright.PENANAbVhVJcASa0596Please respect copyright.PENANA023k6deAev
596Please respect copyright.PENANAGpr9HOXbAM
(圖3)中國在2017年對11,192個大學生作問卷調查,發現596Please respect copyright.PENANA2VDQxFhISc
596Please respect copyright.PENANAoULNXRfHCZ
41%學生認為服食抗生素能夠加快流感治癒速度、596Please respect copyright.PENANAG8ZUiE2yyf
596Please respect copyright.PENANAZADAb0XZJc
63%學生的家中有抗生素儲備,596Please respect copyright.PENANAj9D3A2NPJE
596Please respect copyright.PENANAleSnpAwIni
56%學生未經醫生許可購買抗生素。596Please respect copyright.PENANA7L9CKsaqJG
596Please respect copyright.PENANAV92aEuYOpk
其中913個學生中,有66%因報告疑似流惑徵狀而獲發抗生素。596Please respect copyright.PENANAOt2G4NJxXU
596Please respect copyright.PENANAiFL8ld3Yb3
596Please respect copyright.PENANAdfhX38aRWN
流感是由病毒引起,抗生素並不會有助治療,反之濫用抗生素只會助長細菌建立抗性,百害而無一利。596Please respect copyright.PENANA0VO4T0cmNV
596Please respect copyright.PENANAAajED8GiBD
596Please respect copyright.PENANAyBCR4zl9o1
(圖4)各種抗生素最終會有部份從排泄物的方式排出體外。596Please respect copyright.PENANAq13VlZFzta596Please respect copyright.PENANA15SgIElyy2
596Please respect copyright.PENANAdbJX1SZ2yO
而基於各污水處的污水的Ammonium(銨)與附近的住宅人口調查成正比的關係,只要將抗生素在污水中的濃度與人體新陳代謝的比率作出調整,然後再除Ammonium的濃度,就可以獲得各地區市民服用抗生素的大概狀況。596Please respect copyright.PENANAkEHyvCHLbP
596Please respect copyright.PENANARjNLMQC4Kr
596Please respect copyright.PENANAXCWBgfOSco
(圖5)最後計算結果為:596Please respect copyright.PENANAeWHXad6Wxe
596Please respect copyright.PENANAIVDJ3QLFkQ
北京市每1萬人口每日服用約21.9克的抗生素。596Please respect copyright.PENANAfJpxo92AvD596Please respect copyright.PENANAPoDubEI06B
596Please respect copyright.PENANA6Zqh3aoh3p
文中作者聲稱,此數據比早前的數據低出70%,判斷中國推行抗生素管理政策後非常有效。596Please respect copyright.PENANAdf31Gq3n1m
596Please respect copyright.PENANAaAOV4hrftH
596Please respect copyright.PENANAbSXQY613DR
而這種利用污水來調查人口社會狀況,學名為Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE),不少國家亦都有廣泛使用的報告,其中印度芬蘭等國家亦在污水中找出武肺病毒的存在,而啟動病毒來源追溯程序。596Please respect copyright.PENANARzGE01WsFr
596Please respect copyright.PENANAeIZhqjNLnb
596Please respect copyright.PENANA1PghI6q3IF
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。596Please respect copyright.PENANATR0omCXfrs
596Please respect copyright.PENANA2MhPldk735
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc596Please respect copyright.PENANAtYEdcRWQ7U
596Please respect copyright.PENANAiP0zAdsdFY
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。596Please respect copyright.PENANASjh42q6XAK
596Please respect copyright.PENANA51LEcmZM6o
Link:596Please respect copyright.PENANAojiYJbbiDf
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio596Please respect copyright.PENANAl0PnHRTO34
596Please respect copyright.PENANAde9dHwz6xh
596Please respect copyright.PENANAB9y57u7ulI
有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。596Please respect copyright.PENANAHdGk0IXKD5
596Please respect copyright.PENANAnEahX09XeV
https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/596Please respect copyright.PENANAbSg1ZxGIXp
596Please respect copyright.PENANAS1eYBbZAPj
Ref1:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018320877
00
ns216.73.216.206da2