科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–膀胱如何避免受到尿液致病細菌感染

因人而異，膀胱/尿袋 (Urinary Bladder)一般來說可以儲存300-500ml尿液。1070Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9va8XA5F0t
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尿液的其中一個功能，就是將體內的毒素或細菌排出，而膀胱經常有大量尿液儲存，為罪惡的蘊藏之所，體內的警署。1070Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuT6bKeYNt0
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想深一層，身體的細菌經由尿液聚首一堂，膀胱豈不是非常容易令受到感染?1070Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWZfDKRAhpt
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（致病的細菌及毒素亦可從糞便排出）1070Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM3LXOp7Qiv
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（圖2）尿調理素(Uromodulin/Tamm–Horsfall Protein)是尿液其中一種常見的主要蛋白，主要在腎臟管道生產。1070Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwzp4YMN6do
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它被認定為有抵禦細菌感染的作用，但一直以來也沒有充分的證據得以證明。1070Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGXd6EG7nh6
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近日，有科學家利用最新的電子顯微鏡技術及各種實驗輔證（Ref1)，終於確立得到尿調理素抵禦細菌感染的功能。1070Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgpli5pah20
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（圖3）先簡單重溫一下細菌的外部結構，今次我們會特別著重提及Pili，它賦予細菌與外部接觸的能力。1070Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCUPICZNUGp
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（圖4）左邊是文中的圖片，黃色箭嘴頭所指示的就是細菌的pili，它能夠與uromodulin建立非常穩定的連結；1070Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiQuwJnQTXy
箇中的連結需要糖份組織的幫助。1070Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ40xIm2NCa
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（圖5）Uromodulin在尿液的大量存在，將會強迫致病的大腸桿菌聚在一起，以免大腸桿菌能夠與膀胱內壁接觸及進行感染。1070Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi62xSKqda5
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以壓倒性的數量，簡單將致病的大腸桿菌聚集及封鎖在一起，這種防禦機制相對地直接簡單。1070Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhtoFAhVvXv
至於Uromodulin能否與所有已知的致命細菌結合、會否有著其他的機制及功能，還需要進一步的調查。1070Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDHWroIpuZR
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Ref1:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6506/1005?ijkey=e112b23dc73c7c7bd746a5711869e4bf44026346&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha