科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–基因改造蚊子

埃及斑蚊，英文名為yellow fever mosquito，學名為Aedes aegypti，是白紋伊蚊的近親。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIlkbf1Cie2
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（圖1）男性品種不會叮人，只有女性品種才會叮人，藉著吸血等途徑傳播登革熱(Dengue Fever)等疾病。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxu2JGhsoFS
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殺蟲劑雖能殺滅蚊子，但蚊子亦逐漸展示出對殺蟲劑的抗藥性。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuRy9IAu8tz
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而基於殺蟲劑會污染環境及危害部份雀鳥昆蟲健康關係，建立另類對付播毒蚊子的方法可謂有著絕對的迫切性。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaCmG0Btplc
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（圖2）有見及此，Oxitec公司(現為美國公司收購)培養出埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXkSkuWLZri
牠們在幼蟲的時候需要四環黴素（Tetracycline)才能成功生長。在實驗室培植的時候，研究人員會在食物裡提供四環黴素，但當他們被放到野外的時候，便再也沒能取得足夠的四環黴素，沒能順利生長成為蚊子。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNyI2pG4swg
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男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種與女性正常品種交配的話，將有機會產生正常品種及OX513A品種的蚊卵。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPMIyU4Lzdk
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在野外缺乏四環黴素的情況下，正常品種有86–88%成功長大為蚊子，而OX513A品種則只有3-4%的成功率。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhkNZL70KGu
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以這個方式推算下去的話，蚊子下一代的比率將會大幅度減低。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVuMacrNNdt
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（圖3）Oxitec公司在2010年英國開曼群島藉著此方式消除80%野外埃及斑蚊。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ10DYAmb9bt
而亦在2013年巴西巴伊亞州順利用上同樣方式消除~90%野外埃及斑蚊。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT3qY2cVjr4
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今年2020年8月，他們同樣依這種方式在美國佛羅里達發放男性男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHTdIJdrVSr
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此舉泛起不少反對聲音，不乏違反動物權利及人權等等。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡew3mrbz4UK
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亦有人認為此舉會破壞生態平衡，奈何此方法只會滅殺埃及斑蚊，不會影響其他蚊子品種，其他物種可照樣進食其他蚊子品種代替，不見得有任何大影響。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjyhsgT141Y
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至於亦有人認為埃及斑蚊有機會因而大遷徙到第二區域，這點反而有著潛在的可能性，值得探討一下。

睇番一大輪資料後，發覺原來依篇文所寫的方法係佢哋用係巴西的方法，18個月之內係有成效，之後蚊子數量回升。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG62UrAypWr
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今次美國所用的方法係OX5034，同舊原理差唔多，但女性BB會死，而男性BB唔會。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDUngZiUS0w
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無睇到佢哋媒體資料，只係睇咗佢哋之前所發出的學術文章，所以資料有錯，對不起。

如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡazad1M5xry
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK02M1fujnd
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeMxtYjkv2q
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Link:695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbIa1Xeun2z
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9SQrjkpgpA
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVGS9c9Dome
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Ref:695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6hUXLYm2eN
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6072261/#R3695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgwo8HKGoRs
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4489809/695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfjm2dsCgY0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1865532/695Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjjfUaHlpsh
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4063546/

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