科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–女性相對上易肥的原因

減肥是不少女性、又或者亦是男性的終身使命。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxyNGlqhlSL
先天上，兩性在儲存脂肪及體脂分佈上均有非常不同的地方。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb0NuVhbbSA
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（圖1）已知的知識中，荷爾蒙及性別染色體在脂肪控制上均扮演著舉足輕重的角色。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqjOkvGDWze
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普遍來說，女性傾向把脂肪儲存在臀部，而更年期的女性及男性則傾向把脂肪儲存在肚部。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQO7hXkjRb3
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增加更年期女性的體內雌激素濃度的話，將能減低脂肪儲存在肚部的傾向，間接證明荷爾蒙對於體脂分佈的影響性。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5DVYW00a3v
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然而，性別荷爾蒙在青春期發育的時候最為旺盛，但男女性的人體嬰兒及老鼠在發育之前，體脂的分佈亦已有所不同。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu75WCSZLeK
而且，XXY的男性比XY的男性，體脂相對為多。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaDiP6rNuBv
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這亦暗示性別染色體在脂肪控制上亦扮演著一定的角色。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVb0vHbG2l2
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而近日就有科學家發表文章（Ref1)，解構X染色體導致脂肪相對上較容易增加的原因。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoBVOXdQNMd
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（圖2）X染色體主宰超過800種蛋白質的產生。我們的身體有一道名為X inactivation的機制，使其中一條X染色體不能正常運作，好使蛋白質不會以雙倍的方式產生，造就男性及女性相關於X染色體所產生的蛋白質水平不會有太大的差異；989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ3ESEZpwuE
男性只有一條X染色體，而X inactivation亦不會發生。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt1v8WimONz
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但有時候，有一些X chromosome區域並沒有被抑制下來，造就女性身上某些蛋白質的數量會比男性為高。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFOoV0pkCuf
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而現今發現，有至少四種蛋白質普遍上並沒有被X inactivation機制抑制下來。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡces4vLm8qo
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（圖3）Kdm5c就是其中一隻沒有被抑制下來的蛋白質，它是一種histone deacetylase，簡單來說就是有著控制基因上那一些蛋白質能夠產生出來，那一些不能產生出來的權力。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcj5YZVczVa
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科學家用上不同的實驗證實，Kdm5c有著控制幹細胞較容易變成為脂肪細胞的功能。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXFS6BqjWqI
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在老鼠上，Kdm5c數量的多少，對於進食的數量並沒有太大的變化，但Kedm5c數量較多的老鼠身上則有著更多的脂肪。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡagYL4pYL3w
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而對比七百多名孖生女性體內Kdm5c數量及其BMI的話，亦能發現有著正比的關係。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡao6XmpMs9q
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女士先天上較易產生更多的脂肪，將有助懷孕的時候給予嬰兒更多的保護及營養需要。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡru4PRRpE9H
而Kdm5c這蛋白質是否為此先天性上而設，暫時還沒有決定性的實驗能夠證實。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOYATddb4P7
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至於能否利用基因技術或者藥物來抑制Kdm5c的數量或功效而達至減肥功效，暫時亦沒有任何的數據，而且Kdm5c顯然不只是局限於影響脂肪新陳代謝這一方面，隨意抑壓的話相當有機會會導致不良的副作用效果。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ1rJXwTjNR
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn5BZoyJZtR
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4MQaYesP5Y
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9LPAxbdM4e
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf4rZn54E9l
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0VL8X667Br
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Ref1:https://www.jci.org/articles/view/140223989Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ46CoGjZCxz

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