科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–雀鳥的飛行里數

季候鳥每年均會因天氣轉變而遷居，部份雀鳥更因此需要跨過地中海及撒哈拉沙漠。982Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡglrUIMAN9B
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有科學家為了探討那些雀鳥的飛行環境，特意為每年均需跨過地中海及撒哈拉沙漠的大葦鶯安裝紀錄儀器，藉此了解牠們的飛行時數、高度及溫度等。982Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSfeqeg0GyO
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(圖2)科學家們獲得了14隻雀鳥的23次長途飛行的記錄(9次為秋天、14次為春天時份)，圖中藍色線為春天旅途、啡色為秋天旅途，其連續飛行時段為12.1-34.2小時不等。982Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiaoiVGdAQk
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(圖3)有趣的是，雀鳥在日照時候的飛行高度對比晚上時份會特別的高，早上(5367 ± 589 米海拔)、晚上(2394 ± 1270 米海拔)。982Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMnbt8a1MrZ
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而飛行時的周遭溫度，晚上為13.8 ± 9.0°C，而日照時則為–9.3 ± 3.9°C。982Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ05JPbVDLIR
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為何日照時份的飛行高度要特別的提高呢?982Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuDloRs8vi4
科學家暫時還沒能找出確實理由，只能作出假設。982Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyYqaJ1cbCH
其中一假設是，日照時份陽光照射的溫度會使牠們身體過熱，所以牠們特意飛高到溫度較低的高度從而降溫。982Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4M9ZZyQgGJ
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(圖4)另一假設是，有記錄記載捕食季候鳥的老鷹約在3500米海拔飛行，季候鳥在日照時份特意攀升，有可能是為了飛得比老鷹更高，逃避其追捕。982Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSd9BdnrxoH
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Ref1:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6542/646982Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIIYll0tBBz

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