科普專欄–薯不揀單 - <<深入淺出–生吃牛肉的潛在風險>>

普遍來說，雞肉和豬肉我們通常都會煮熟才吃，但牛肉就偏偏可以選擇幾成熟來品嘗，究竟點解呢？757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiW14pDsiJn
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzf7T92AEct
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnVLTO59n4W
事實上，生吃食物始終會有一定風險，有機會導致食物中毒，純粹因為牛肉的風險相對比雞肉和豬肉較低，所以才有「生食」牛肉的選擇。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7CZPr8GaAf
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBjPMZNW09D
近在2020年6月，美國號令回收4萬三千磅牛肉，原因就是化驗證實那批牛肉含有令人腹瀉的大腸幹菌，老是在美國牛肉常出現的O157:H7品種。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc8rfvDEPqB
（這不是食神劇情，而是確實新聞，Ref1)757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvDxeaL2ZvY
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4aMMjfz5j8
而自從90年代發現這品種後，美國規定牛肉出售前必須測量是否含有某幾種令人肚瀉的大腸幹菌。這一次為何能夠流出市面，那就不得而知了。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ154dcdDoe3
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWpHFVEdH8s
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU35b48MexH
在繼續講解之前，我們先以超簡略的方式認識一下細菌的外部構造。（圖2）757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMPP1xSsOMg
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU1umZYgmKA
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3b1k5E1ATM
Capsule757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpDRCnav2w1
防止細菌脫水757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZr6ZP2BN3A
保護自己免被人類的吞噬細胞吞噬757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzEROshcPj0
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuQnDFzaRyq
Pili757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKdaz4neab7
用來抓實接觸面，例如腸道壁膜，同時亦都可以用來幫助移動757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaLfjbtani8
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFoqamOH8gl
Flagellum757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyUndt3bhxY
會以螺旋槳的方式轉動，讓細菌可以隨意走動757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRiVmve0vyj
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2gGVSJgAEs
如有興趣想知道細菌和病毒的分別，可閱讀我之前所寫的文章757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvKGcaS99Yu
https://www.penana.com/article/465358757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdi3hyikUUe
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrk9zy1NkYz
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1pKzUKZf9p
（圖3）令人腹瀉的大腸幹菌有好多種，而經常因為食用未煮熟的牛肉而出現在新聞的是Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ76fIpoPeeo
顧名意義，它們能夠釋放Shiga toxin這有毒物質，而E coli則是大腸幹菌的簡稱。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXsSJiQIRvi
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs1kP17pKDW
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHBL4eqxViX
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVZQKuL78Gk
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrWsO7Zgzlm
O157:H7品種，就是STEC的一種，潛伏期為2-3日。它們被曾證實可以逗留在外間土壤21個月有多，只有70度以上高溫才能確保徹底消滅它們。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbUkX275F7n
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN608M9Xaf5
它們最為麻煩的地方，就是能夠抵禦胃酸，有能力從胃部游走到腸道。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkmEb804NQf
到達腸道位置後，它們所釋放的Shiga toxin能夠對腸壁的細胞造成傷害，引致腹瀉及脫水。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRYJy0tZk6m
嚴重情況下更會引致溶血性尿毒綜合症(HUS)，對腎臟造成長久傷害。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ17IZUog2St
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4ZDi9b57y1
而最「令人意想不到」的是，此病絕對不可以用抗生素來醫治。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM0unAX8xE5
因為用抗生素來傷害它們的話，只會導致更多Shiga toxin從它們身上釋出體外，適得其反。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAq4uuV1DCh
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaZ4oZKRhbG
通常情況下，醫生會抽取病人的糞便樣本，斷症腹瀉是否由STEC而起。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmLOzXol2PF
如果屬實，可以做的方法就是盡量讓病人補充水份，避免脫水情況過於嚴重，並等待身體自我康復。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV0HblDrHjN
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLN0FvPvQQ4
照這個情況來看，或者，侵侵吃Well Done牛排是有他的道理......757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2awfWfCj0i
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr3vMmtQWp3
當然，如果牛肉來貨沒有問題，而處理上一切衛生措施做足的話，應該不會引起太大問題的。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiAw5RyrYpM
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3gHM1x2rVy
至少我都暫時未試過因為食生牛扒而肚瀉。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFAbeZOrkuU
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtQa2RnL7ko
（在摸著木塊下的情況寫下這句。）757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTjc07uVrzJ
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXO2FfeSWtb
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT8vGoVWAw5
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLY7EZ9v61g
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuHiTTnqw3J
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKwPEg60sns
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvpbsdNrlmq
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4dPCOr52yN
Link:757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡblPFWVCQrb
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNNzlrfBGdw
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfUyCWFS6mv
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgzGDvXf9QZ
有興趣接收科普資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHyXTKnalWh
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV7IpjA11fV
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Pv3revPnm
Ref1:

https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/14/health/ground-beef-recall-e-coli-lakeside-refrigerated-trnd/index.html

ns3.145.16.14da2

介面主題:

字體大小:

行距:

段距:

自動加載下一章