科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–細菌反制病毒的其中一道技倆

病毒入侵細菌內部後，便會釋放其內裡所收藏的基因，再透過細菌的幫助下將這些基因轉變成為病毒本身，不斷複製繁殖，直至細菌死亡後便繼續外出作惡。635Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaZBsCtCWOW
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(圖2)雖病毒有著各種手段能夠入侵細菌並造成傷害，但細菌亦是擁有不同的手段作出回擊的。635Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCfwoZzx1oy
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某種類細菌的自身基因可製造出圖中紅色蛋白酶及其藍色伴侶，紅色蛋白酶有著切割基因的功能，而其藍色伴侶就是被切割的存在，負責被紅色蛋白酶切割。635Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEj50hacnQH
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(圖3)某種類的病毒入侵細菌後，它們會發出訊息指令細菌優先處理病毒的基因，因此細菌便不會再產生紅色蛋白酶及其藍色伴侶。635Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfH1tlxFdps
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基於藍色伴侶的耐久度比紅色蛋白酶為低，當紅色蛋白酶將藍色伴侶完全切割後，紅色蛋白酶依然是一道完整無缺且能正常的存在。635Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8YVa05A25w
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(圖4)當藍色伴侶再也不存在後，紅色蛋白酶便會轉戰切割病毒的基因。635Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhkx4BZ18YU
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失去了完整的基因後，病毒再也再沒能夠順利繁殖，沒能加以繼續作惡。635Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDeOMV4HL50
總括來說，細菌巧妙地運用了藍色伴侶耐久度較為低的特性來築成防衛病毒攻擊的措施。635Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2v9UbBjEB4
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這是因為當病毒強迫細菌運行病毒的基因而將自身基因置之不理的時候，藍色伴侶既再也不會生產且快速耗盡，這時候耐久度較高的紅色蛋白酶因為失去原有對象，便會對病毒基因入手，切個片甲不留。635Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmRIbOQSaI8
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Ref1:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1097276521002227?via%3Dihub635Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHhQbMGMtCy

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