科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–1950年代地面核試對2020年的影響

第二次世界大戰後，美國、前蘇聯及其他國家在1951-1963年之間分別在地面上進行數以百計的核試，483Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA2kDwwMLnk
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直至1963年大家互相簽署了停止核試條約，地面引爆核試才得以終止進行;雖然1960-1970年間中國及非洲仍有進行少量微型地面核試。483Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnhA90w0mmc
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地面核試，無疑會為大自然界帶來影響。483Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLyv2Y5oVwl
其中一隻名為137Cs的幅射性原子，不但能對生物帶來傷害，且具有水溶性特質，其半衰期亦達30.2年之多;483Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqo57JLlJ4V
亦即是說渡過30.2年之後，其濃度才會自然地減半。483Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZHb8FUd8RS
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(圖2)植物普遍需要鉀元素(K)輔助生長，因此天生擁有相應的蛋白質負責吸取泥土的鉀元素。483Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDpTdbIyDaa
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然而基於137Cs與K的特質非常相似，植物不其然間亦會因而吸取了帶有幅射性的137Cs原子。483Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHph80ib6Ny
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如果往植物施上含鉀元素(K)或銨 (NH4)的肥料，均可大幅度減低植物吸取泥土間137Cs的效率。483Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDk3qWJ2kpA
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(圖3)科學家審視2017-2019年美國各地的蜜糖商品，發現122個樣本中並有68個樣本測量出137Cs的存在。483Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡta8yucf6Cj
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不過其含量非常之低，平均僅約0.03Bq 137Cs kg−1，最高濃度的樣本為19Bq 137Cs kg−1，依然遠低於美國FDA制定的1200Bq 137Cs kg−1安全界線。483Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3G6CCUPWs6
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研究還發現，當地蜜糖樣本是否含有137Cs原子，與當地泥土的137Cs含量並無任何關連。483Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLXb6aXJQxP
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無論如何，核廢理的處理與人類生活健康的議題，均需密切關注，不容忽視。483Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQdUAOQp5Bp
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