科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–癌症所導致的體重流失(2)

此為上集的補充篇:三十秒科學–癌症所導致的體重流失414Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVk72Mtz6Rm
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癌症惡病質(cancer cachexia)泛指因癌症而導致的體重流失，大部份情況下主要是由喪失肌肉所致，並沒法依靠進食來填補其喪失。414Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqNQ6rWHCKU
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在眾多癌症之中，高達接近70%的胰臟癌病人會出現cancer cachexia，總體重的損失在六個月內可高達25%。414Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzsSzC7zjbQ
相反，患上前列腺癌的病人僅只有約10%的人出現cancer cachexia。414Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv0qZqsiFqQ
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(圖2)病人出現cancer cachexia的話(以體重損失超過10%為指標)，其生存的機率亦會因而顯著下降。414Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ57Dx6RDP4h
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正因如此，若能了解其cancer cachexia機制並加以針對的話，將會是抵抗癌症的其中一道手法。414Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqELiKIF7z9
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(圖3)癌細胞所導致的體重流失，主要是由肌肉喪失所致。414Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2c6KBDyBWx
而當我們的肌肉受到傷害或撕裂的時候，裡頭的幹細胞以及圖中所指的細胞將會出手幫忙製造肌肉，填補其損失。414Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOvg42B31JZ
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癌細胞的厲害之處就是能夠釋出物質經由血管到達肌肉，誘導肌肉出現受傷情況之餘，並同時阻止肌肉幹細胞進行重生，因而導致肌肉流失情況發生。414Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfzvWF35AZA
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癌細胞之所以這樣做，其中的一道推論是希望透過破壞肌肉而使血液間的氨基酸(蛋白質)含量增加，然後借助肝臟把這些氨基酸轉變成糖份，再由血液循環系統輸送給自身所用。414Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnyycwApnrI
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因著胰臟癌病人出現cancer cachexia的機率較高，有不少科學家均就此利用老鼠胰臟癌模型來研究cancer cachexia的機制。414Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwRPGla2d2p
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至今已至少找出得到，癌細胞所釋出的物質會導致肌肉幹細胞一種名為Pax7的蛋白質含量不斷上升，並因而導致肌肉幹細胞沒法子進行重組肌肉舉動。414Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzNnT4FWaQV
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/nrdp2017105414Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXlNfQ4n7Iv

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