癌細胞逃避免疫細胞追殺的手段何其之多,除了較早前提及的PD1/PD1L手段之外,他們亦會用上民建聯蛇齋餅糉的手段應對免疫細胞。245Please respect copyright.PENANA6OOpl9StOm
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PD1/PD1L手段:https://lih.kg/gzGnLS245Please respect copyright.PENANA8lT8B09Oif
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(圖2)癌細胞(尤其是腦癌)會表達大量的TDO蛋白酶,TDO蛋白酶會將從外來吸取的氨基酸Tryptophan代謝成為Kynureine;245Please respect copyright.PENANAgDTOl9xn37
整個代謝過程是在癌細胞的內部發生。245Please respect copyright.PENANA7FZ94w1P1c
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(圖3)癌細胞可以自用Kynurenine來觸發AhR蛋白質,輔助自己的生長。245Please respect copyright.PENANAqpsUa6xlVl
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同時間,癌細胞亦可將Kynurenine排出四周,而當周遭的免疫細胞吸取Kynurenine後,他們殲滅癌細胞的能力便會下降。245Please respect copyright.PENANA7qNeugh8fb
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亦即是說,當免疫細胞獲取癌細胞所提供的蛇齋餅糉(Kynurenine)後,隨之便會被成功收買,不再侵襲癌細胞。245Please respect copyright.PENANAjzh3McB9FH
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(圖4)除Kynurenine外,二噁英亦能觸發AhR蛋白質,為癌細胞締造一道美好的生存環境。245Please respect copyright.PENANAqk7KgpmM2L
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現今有不少癌症藥物正試圖阻隔AhR蛋白質的觸發來消滅癌症,但亦有證據指出過度阻隔AhR蛋白質有機會反而助長癌細胞的生長,以及引發不良的過敏炎症。245Please respect copyright.PENANAXLsVREfEUC
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除研發阻隔AhR蛋白質藥物外,亦有一道方向是研發藥物減低周遭的Kynurenine濃度,減低癌細胞弱化周遭免疫細胞的能力。245Please respect copyright.PENANAMIBn2RUVox
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若然成功,或許能配合現有的免疫治療PD1方法加強效果,消滅癌症。245Please respect copyright.PENANANs5umVuw3e
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10491245Please respect copyright.PENANADPGjIoQHHV
Ref2:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165614717302249245Please respect copyright.PENANAQjlVV0u6H0