科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–殺蟲劑會否對益蟲造成不良影響？

全球約有35%的食物產量，均依靠傳粉者例如蜜蜂等支撐而成。而甲蟲、蟻蛉等昆蟲則幫忙捕食蛀食農作物的害蟲，讓農作物得以健康成長。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjZKgp5jTMg
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5YJDgudfIE
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRIW9pgayBg
在這個層面上，農作物所使用的化學殺蟲劑，究竟會否對益蟲造成傷害?485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9vUsZDZozS
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0GJJzTbwKQ
(圖2)Neonicotinoid insecticides為舊式殺蟲劑的一種，內含的Neonicotinoid物質會與昆蟲神經線內的NAChRs結合，引致昆蟲的神經系統癱瘓而致死。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5FUeiZK9e2
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrn1LT2zZWk
想知更多關於裡頭的相關機制，可參閱:https://www.penana.com/article/477009485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG5EpnPizHL
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNGpAPwqvtV
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡErJAeZcjv3
因著其擁有對昆蟲無差別的攻擊特性，益蟲害蟲均會送命。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUqBZCr2NNn
正因如此，全球均已有措施禁用此類殺蟲劑，以歐盟EU地區最為嚴厲。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLZg2C6PvyB
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2dneUUWUmN
題外話，人類與昆蟲的NAChRs有著結構式的分別，所以殺蟲劑對人類的傷害相對上較細。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK4wL5SNj6I
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuQW9z5sLvT
(圖3)基於舊式殺蟲劑的禁用，新式殺蟲劑已開始廣泛使用。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdHPToqrLaQ
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDqM4pbwfe1
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN809Advtnr
Butanolide and sulfoximine-based insecticides為兩款新式的殺蟲劑，但其殺害昆蟲的原理跟舊式一模一樣。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjNddM3dKCE
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9OsuCrBF7Q
新式與舊式重大的分別在於其化學結構的不同，根據IRAC(Insecticide Resistance Action Committee)的分類方式，舊式殺蟲劑界定為4A組別，而新式殺蟲劑界定為4C及4D組別。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDKrnqHRLOX
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVE5Qe1E0wT
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZEuZiUnXUK
(圖4)那麼新式殺蟲劑除化學分類組別的不同之外，對比舊式殺蟲劑還有甚麼過人之處呢?485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7sy9bouNXi
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPrZ5bp3oEB
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1LdVTW4xyE
答案是接近沒有過人之處，它們對益蟲依舊造成傷害。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqoDxyD1zqI
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe2KBWJf3vr
Flupyradifurone的穩定性與舊式殺蟲劑接近一樣，能長年積累在環境裡頭。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiHcLF2sd0X
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQNFBf0PXIr
以蜜蜂為例，雖然低劑量不會對東方蜜蜂(Apis cerana)造成重大修亡，但同等劑量會引致西方蜜蜂(A. mellifera)大量死亡。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡczcg8LpLce
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxMyb2X3zRI
相對上，另一款新式殺蟲劑Sulfoxaflor的穩定性則有所減低，2-3日後在大自然的濃度會減退50%。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs9Qf8dKUoz
奈何它對蜜蜂生育率造成顯著的不良影響，歐洲熊蜂(B. terrestris)在低劑量的影響下，生蛋率及幼蟲孵化率分別下降31及40%。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxhJhT7BNgz
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs926QOtI8p
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4y8Ei1cUQl
顯然，新式化學殺蟲劑並沒有改善舊式殺蟲劑的問題。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXaRdPn8yJd
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbLSKDdHjoR
在審核殺蟲劑安全性的時候，往往只會對數款昆蟲作出毒性的檢驗，但大自然的昆蟲品種何其之多，加上昆蟲本身的獨特性，對一款益蟲無害並不等於對另一款無害，因此難以評估真實對大自然的影響。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFCEFWwxbbe
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpyMmCLWSQd
同時間，現有的評核制度並沒有估核對昆蟲往後的生育影響，這將是一道值得深思應否加進評核殺蟲劑安全性的條件之一。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBygdfIjJPo
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2lDft2KzBj
以上的資料來源均取自Ref1。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ3YB8PhaHK
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlF1h3S22d5
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDuoVR4tuhI
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9pHrmBHTfA
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZm9Pv4XOo9
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYj8ofuhQGH
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpzLPvG890x
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD4UG1fDA7q
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1q22TM62LW
Link:485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBUyqWf1jBh
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKfNgAjS2kb
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwbRQEdGB8T
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpb6Zw9i5o3
有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQygrWWr6GJ
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbrcYmuQLU1
https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvNeTaMkIoa
485Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9nF27qhzAR
Ref1:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7542824/

ns216.73.216.239da2

介面主題:

字體大小:

行距:

段距:

自動加載下一章