科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–生酮飲食對人體的其中一種影響

高脂低碳餐單，亦即是生酮飲食，越漸普及化，經常標榜為減肥的有效秘方。707Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5FAyFDvdkE
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的而且確，生酮飲食可以促進脂肪燃燒，而且會大量消耗身體的糖原，而每一個單位的糖原會黏上四個單位的水份關係，生酮飲食短期間會消耗身體水份含量，得以獲取快速的減磅效果。707Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9r4CxduKpb
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但另一方面，生酮飲食包含眾多高脂食物，而這些食物一直被指責為心臟病、癡肥糖尿病等的元兇，那麼究竟生酮飲食是好還是壞呢？707Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNtN1C1f78r
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（圖2）有科學家進行了人體測試(Ref1)，找來14名年齡為27-42歲男性單車運動員，分成兩組進行持續六個月以上的生酮飲食(LCHF)及均衡飲食(Mixed)的飲食管理，成份如圖中所示。707Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡITdcZ4pskv
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（圖3）六個月的餐單後，兩組人各自進食含75克葡萄糖的食物，然後再分別量度血糖及血液胰島素的濃度。707Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5M4RFNa5kM
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如左圖所示，生酮飲食(LCHF)組別的血糖明顯比均衡飲食(Mixed)為高。707Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkBRRxlbfwy
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而且亦可見生酮飲食(LCHF)組別胰島素的產生時間較均衡飲食(Mixed)為延遲。707Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC0ZcrgKocI
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這歸咎於生酮飲食(LCHF)組別的肌肉擁有較少GLUT4及IRS1蛋白質；707Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwOK5rMFCwr
GLUT4及IRS1分別為其中一種負責吸取葡萄糖及接收胰島素的蛋白質。707Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfT2UHnyiPW
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（圖4）雖然兩組人員在血糖及胰島素相關方面有顯著分別，但各種與新陳代謝有關的蛋白酶以及肌肉組成的比例，並沒有因為飲食不同而有所轉變。707Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpwTKQFWPKY
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當然，與新陳代謝有關的蛋白酶數量繁多，不能擔保表外的蛋白酶會否有所影響。707Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1bPXgEoFSF
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生酮飲食測試者需要更長的時間才能降低血糖，相信是因為長期攝取低碳水化合物而引起的轉變，會否因此增加糖尿病的機會還成未知之數；707Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQljtsl5Mco
不過生酮飲食本身就是低糖飲食，血糖理論上不會超標，所以根本沒有相干。707Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz8rbJNNxnm
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之於生酮飲食究竟會否引起心臟病等問題，還有待更詳細的長期人體實驗才能證實得到。707Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5g9F0gj8mX
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Ref1:https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijsnem/30/3/article-p210.xml707Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsneqz2CGsg

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