日常家中的污水,會排放至污水處理廠作淨化處理。591Please respect copyright.PENANA2DnRunQ9Wx591Please respect copyright.PENANA8U42N3kxYs
但你有沒有想過,污水其實包含著各式各樣的資料呢?591Please respect copyright.PENANAWa0G4AjcMa
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(圖2)圖中的星星為北京市的中心,而八個英文字母的所在地則為污水處理廠的位置。591Please respect copyright.PENANAKZ2ISWQHy2591Please respect copyright.PENANAwyMfon2wAE
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有科學家特意從八道污水處理廠拿取未經處理過的污水,檢測裡頭的抗生素濃度(Ref1),初心是因為出自於人民對抗生素使用的認知不足。591Please respect copyright.PENANAXEpqmIo0eb
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(圖3)中國在2017年對11,192個大學生作問卷調查,發現591Please respect copyright.PENANAQ68Omwdzj5
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41%學生認為服食抗生素能夠加快流感治癒速度、591Please respect copyright.PENANADY3dQ3tP0A
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63%學生的家中有抗生素儲備,591Please respect copyright.PENANAZOiJGu8Rge
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56%學生未經醫生許可購買抗生素。591Please respect copyright.PENANAy1zWc6TNwQ
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其中913個學生中,有66%因報告疑似流惑徵狀而獲發抗生素。591Please respect copyright.PENANA2eLexW1B7C
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流感是由病毒引起,抗生素並不會有助治療,反之濫用抗生素只會助長細菌建立抗性,百害而無一利。591Please respect copyright.PENANANYrEUrF9sb
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(圖4)各種抗生素最終會有部份從排泄物的方式排出體外。591Please respect copyright.PENANAAzSr4Nltxf591Please respect copyright.PENANA4WHSgx3SGi
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而基於各污水處的污水的Ammonium(銨)與附近的住宅人口調查成正比的關係,只要將抗生素在污水中的濃度與人體新陳代謝的比率作出調整,然後再除Ammonium的濃度,就可以獲得各地區市民服用抗生素的大概狀況。591Please respect copyright.PENANAHkirAilSlg
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(圖5)最後計算結果為:591Please respect copyright.PENANAypQJWxC8CB
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北京市每1萬人口每日服用約21.9克的抗生素。591Please respect copyright.PENANAEc0bD9p9uE591Please respect copyright.PENANA3ATSt41or6
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文中作者聲稱,此數據比早前的數據低出70%,判斷中國推行抗生素管理政策後非常有效。591Please respect copyright.PENANA5uPd3UWXef
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而這種利用污水來調查人口社會狀況,學名為Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE),不少國家亦都有廣泛使用的報告,其中印度芬蘭等國家亦在污水中找出武肺病毒的存在,而啟動病毒來源追溯程序。591Please respect copyright.PENANABP5vasAZZY
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。591Please respect copyright.PENANAhL505oepyD
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc591Please respect copyright.PENANAw9Ssxl3p2O
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。591Please respect copyright.PENANATCU92NKNsV
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Link:591Please respect copyright.PENANAI31374GhFV
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio591Please respect copyright.PENANAMQmGiQOrRc
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。591Please respect copyright.PENANAuYJT9izHkr
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https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/591Please respect copyright.PENANAoNTwfOt0AR
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Ref1:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018320877
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