科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–利用污水調查人口社會狀況

日常家中的污水，會排放至污水處理廠作淨化處理。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd35YnmMbtZ
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR3H6TTDKHA
但你有沒有想過，污水其實包含著各式各樣的資料呢?757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQzBwVzIFzy
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhHR06i6cQn
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZfOQVsnyi0
（圖2）圖中的星星為北京市的中心，而八個英文字母的所在地則為污水處理廠的位置。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWV70P6Dn81
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGOSxovZYn0
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ769wuO1jyR
有科學家特意從八道污水處理廠拿取未經處理過的污水，檢測裡頭的抗生素濃度（Ref1)，初心是因為出自於人民對抗生素使用的認知不足。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXC7bErYWI7
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLkexGy29aV
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ77OrddL7Sd
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡomtZmBiroT
（圖3）中國在2017年對11,192個大學生作問卷調查，發現757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX0v3wbKiav
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpEBlf10pOV
41%學生認為服食抗生素能夠加快流感治癒速度、757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7G4GuI44kY
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8B8o8BSGAh
63%學生的家中有抗生素儲備，757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJTDEuPTjBy
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoK2NZ6HPzf
56%學生未經醫生許可購買抗生素。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxDyeqrTiyA
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXjJ48JiPB5
其中913個學生中，有66%因報告疑似流惑徵狀而獲發抗生素。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR8wsp6pPmq
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcMBgIibucv
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfmzTSGkgva
流感是由病毒引起，抗生素並不會有助治療，反之濫用抗生素只會助長細菌建立抗性，百害而無一利。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzs5H6L8cwb
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3puIVYQBwb
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW71zbzGFvu
（圖4）各種抗生素最終會有部份從排泄物的方式排出體外。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtTCNYKtTVI
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9CMASrgJ63
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3JY8QgOGBz
而基於各污水處的污水的Ammonium(銨)與附近的住宅人口調查成正比的關係，只要將抗生素在污水中的濃度與人體新陳代謝的比率作出調整，然後再除Ammonium的濃度，就可以獲得各地區市民服用抗生素的大概狀況。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGZDo3rd7zj
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXjQ6k52yPw
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZDkSBbkpwp
（圖5）最後計算結果為:757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkRkJjpSpJv
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRo7Pjflw5d
北京市每1萬人口每日服用約21.9克的抗生素。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHIZZQj4JFx
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGKokntnUIP
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH6tNBZZhz9
文中作者聲稱，此數據比早前的數據低出70%，判斷中國推行抗生素管理政策後非常有效。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqu3pR2kaGJ
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLHGCNn3bTb
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0c0NLwIRB2
而這種利用污水來調查人口社會狀況，學名為Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE)，不少國家亦都有廣泛使用的報告，其中印度芬蘭等國家亦在污水中找出武肺病毒的存在，而啟動病毒來源追溯程序。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT4OQoTXfhV
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuPPfVh4zhh
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI3CUKHqSup
如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGMeITllTQV
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb4PqhZyLh9
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH8AOSypqth
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJeW5kGS2TT
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzKyVPuN9JP
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiAbJxawp90
Link:757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡegBt71DniG
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQPbm5nJFvE
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw6TU5PYR8m
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9M4AO3Unko
有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeDMhN0xOyS
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZOErmf7zGH
https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeX06T8FXKg
757Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Ov7yQaNcg
Ref1:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018320877

ns216.73.216.217da2

Reading Theme:

Font Size:

Line Spacing:

Paragraph Spacing:

Load the next issue automatically