科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–利用污水調查人口社會狀況

日常家中的污水，會排放至污水處理廠作淨化處理。515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjMOjyTCfsf
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但你有沒有想過，污水其實包含著各式各樣的資料呢?515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7HrgD6N8qi
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（圖2）圖中的星星為北京市的中心，而八個英文字母的所在地則為污水處理廠的位置。515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo41LivMJQs
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有科學家特意從八道污水處理廠拿取未經處理過的污水，檢測裡頭的抗生素濃度（Ref1)，初心是因為出自於人民對抗生素使用的認知不足。515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmxk8efo2lb
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（圖3）中國在2017年對11,192個大學生作問卷調查，發現515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8YD95o8sTC
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41%學生認為服食抗生素能夠加快流感治癒速度、515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRjCtc3mOqT
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63%學生的家中有抗生素儲備，515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl4CmuP56bH
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56%學生未經醫生許可購買抗生素。515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnPifjk8A4Q
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其中913個學生中，有66%因報告疑似流惑徵狀而獲發抗生素。515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiV3UqN8fHg
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流感是由病毒引起，抗生素並不會有助治療，反之濫用抗生素只會助長細菌建立抗性，百害而無一利。515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQKRlLrcbBU
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（圖4）各種抗生素最終會有部份從排泄物的方式排出體外。515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡosMxaa0W1u
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而基於各污水處的污水的Ammonium(銨)與附近的住宅人口調查成正比的關係，只要將抗生素在污水中的濃度與人體新陳代謝的比率作出調整，然後再除Ammonium的濃度，就可以獲得各地區市民服用抗生素的大概狀況。515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVlRGn7wUmn
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（圖5）最後計算結果為:515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBvXnELy9Vl
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北京市每1萬人口每日服用約21.9克的抗生素。515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcwEc1FF4Mf
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文中作者聲稱，此數據比早前的數據低出70%，判斷中國推行抗生素管理政策後非常有效。515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC2pGVZQ2yg
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而這種利用污水來調查人口社會狀況，學名為Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE)，不少國家亦都有廣泛使用的報告，其中印度芬蘭等國家亦在污水中找出武肺病毒的存在，而啟動病毒來源追溯程序。515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNpMUzjKDjf
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRsoWZcT4ML
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwVszNNzwk5
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw5M2vKX7ck
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs2zbFDjTsL
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。515Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl7qyJZMfXK
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Ref1:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018320877

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