科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–歐洲令人「意想不到」的對抗癲狗症手法

Rabies (狂犬症、癲狗症)主要經由動物口水傳播，被咬的動物將會因此感染病毒，而病毒最終會侵襲宿主的神經系統，引致死亡。893Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzU1FZr35wg
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狗隻被認定為傳播病毒的物種，故此為犬隻注射疫苗的行動亦因而大規模進行，大幅度減低由狗隻傳人的機會。893Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmHDBwIqvma
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（圖2）後來，野生狐狸亦成為了傳播病毒的宿主，而圖中則為病毒經由狐狸散播到歐洲各地的示意圖。893Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRjpTl0IZfn
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（圖3）1970年，科學家發現口服疫苗能有效為野生狐狸帶來對抗狂犬病的免疫力。893Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsgVJdVRmlC
他們嘗試將口服疫苗注入在雞蛋、腸仔及狗餅等，放在野外作餌，但狐狸並不喜愛進食相關誘餌關係，成效不大；893Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlWV7QGaWfA
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他們在疫苗裡加入四環黴素（Tetracycline)，狐狸服用疫苗後牙齒便會殘留四環黴素，科學家亦能從而得知狐狸服用疫苗的狀況。893Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMpJrIYihEl
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（圖4）最終經過無數次的測試後，他們發現狐狸極為喜愛進食雞頭。把口服疫苗注入在雞頭後，所收到的成效非常之好，有不少歐盟國家亦因而得以宣告100%成功殲滅狂犬症病毒。893Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1i8ho3KH8E
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自1980年起，利用飛機投擲雞頭疫苗範圍達330,000個足球場面積(2.36 million sq. km)，單是瑞士境內已投下了超過15萬隻雞頭，直到後期雞頭疫苗才改進成為類近朱古力版本的手法。893Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB8KsCYLVfX
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歐盟除了大幅度資助各歐盟國家投擲雞頭疫苗外，亦為鄰近的非歐盟國家提供資助，希望能進一步對狂犬症病毒趕絕殺絕。893Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjVwjmIz0C8
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或許，有朝一日，也會有利用無人機投放武肺口服疫苗到野外的一天？893Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQXrGVhRmZG
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。893Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNCVSAgy5K3
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Ref1:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rstb.2012.0142#RSTB20120142F1893Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt2DkfEdq4s
Ref2:https://naturallyspeaking.blog/2016/09/28/outfoxing-rabies-one-vaccine-loaded-chicken-head-at-a-time/893Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBUaPQQpQCk
Ref3:https://thefactsource.com/switzerland-rabies-epidemic-air-dropping-chicken-heads/893Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrvGiEeqysc