科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–歐洲令人「意想不到」的對抗癲狗症手法

Rabies (狂犬症、癲狗症)主要經由動物口水傳播，被咬的動物將會因此感染病毒，而病毒最終會侵襲宿主的神經系統，引致死亡。938Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVOFrIVqTzM
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狗隻被認定為傳播病毒的物種，故此為犬隻注射疫苗的行動亦因而大規模進行，大幅度減低由狗隻傳人的機會。938Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpP73LvsJLP
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（圖2）後來，野生狐狸亦成為了傳播病毒的宿主，而圖中則為病毒經由狐狸散播到歐洲各地的示意圖。938Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnBkWAEhGbc
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（圖3）1970年，科學家發現口服疫苗能有效為野生狐狸帶來對抗狂犬病的免疫力。938Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJlAxG1X3Ga
他們嘗試將口服疫苗注入在雞蛋、腸仔及狗餅等，放在野外作餌，但狐狸並不喜愛進食相關誘餌關係，成效不大；938Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB9NaZxQ08Q
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他們在疫苗裡加入四環黴素（Tetracycline)，狐狸服用疫苗後牙齒便會殘留四環黴素，科學家亦能從而得知狐狸服用疫苗的狀況。938Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVH3keqWTxi
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（圖4）最終經過無數次的測試後，他們發現狐狸極為喜愛進食雞頭。把口服疫苗注入在雞頭後，所收到的成效非常之好，有不少歐盟國家亦因而得以宣告100%成功殲滅狂犬症病毒。938Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG10RWQUnuW
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自1980年起，利用飛機投擲雞頭疫苗範圍達330,000個足球場面積(2.36 million sq. km)，單是瑞士境內已投下了超過15萬隻雞頭，直到後期雞頭疫苗才改進成為類近朱古力版本的手法。938Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5wpHHGKzyd
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歐盟除了大幅度資助各歐盟國家投擲雞頭疫苗外，亦為鄰近的非歐盟國家提供資助，希望能進一步對狂犬症病毒趕絕殺絕。938Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrb2U1aEZHS
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或許，有朝一日，也會有利用無人機投放武肺口服疫苗到野外的一天？938Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNcnWEVifjn
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。938Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh0yn5uy94H
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。938Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzUVSwl6vuk
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Ref1:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rstb.2012.0142#RSTB20120142F1938Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsfQjIBzJ9f
Ref2:https://naturallyspeaking.blog/2016/09/28/outfoxing-rabies-one-vaccine-loaded-chicken-head-at-a-time/938Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZiU8HilhE5
Ref3:https://thefactsource.com/switzerland-rabies-epidemic-air-dropping-chicken-heads/938Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTj1vm81k5z