近兩日看到了下面一則新聞,因而生起念頭寫上本篇文章,介紹一下人工降雨的概念。1259Please respect copyright.PENANADN5M68SO1W
1259Please respect copyright.PENANASpuCQT98yI
「中國福建省寧德市因日前缺雨,官方宣布8日至9日將進行「人工降雨」,不料,8日下午市區突降暴雨、嚴重淹水,不但汽車直接泡水中,還一度緊急撤離居民,民眾懷疑應是「人工降雨」劑量錯誤釀禍,感嘆「寧德大概是第一個因為人工降雨把自己淹掉的城市吧!」,對此,官方未多做說明。」1259Please respect copyright.PENANAe2d2mgYkud1259Please respect copyright.PENANAagbRDiyDJ4
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAnZN8wxLL2b
1259Please respect copyright.PENANA42ZxzWFQ53
(圖2)要了解人工降雨的原理,我們自當然要快速了解一下雲到底是如何形成,以及甚麼條件會觸發下雨事件發生。1259Please respect copyright.PENANAiLw6tNANB31259Please respect copyright.PENANA43zD3Mn3ND
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAyyVE8DBhaO
太陽為大地帶來溫暖,亦同時把海洋的水份蒸發成氣體上天。1259Please respect copyright.PENANAAAeigyToAb
1259Please respect copyright.PENANA6E6A19Sxjt
高度越高,溫度便會越低,水蒸氣亦會變成為水珠。1259Please respect copyright.PENANAvpMhwZ3YW1
而當水珠遇上各種微粒(如圖中所示)後,便能在其上凝結。1259Please respect copyright.PENANAueRxA6bRxp
1259Please respect copyright.PENANArPcFryVmrj
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAQVyiWUwdkP
(圖3)凝結在微粒的水珠最終會變成為結晶狀。當這些結晶集合一起後,便會形成雲。1259Please respect copyright.PENANAdkOVyZow5U
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAOvzOri8h4v
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAb8LhhjM3Dz
隨著時間推進,大地的水蒸氣不斷湧上天空,源源不絕的水珠不斷在結晶上繼續凝結,導致結晶體積越來越大。1259Please respect copyright.PENANApsWoKC6lS7
1259Please respect copyright.PENANANu7S7Exu6M
當結晶體積大到某一個程度的時候,便會因著地心吸力的緣故降落到地上,亦即是雨。1259Please respect copyright.PENANAFpmqGaEq3D
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAe6fT4OEDh3
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAj1taiDpAWJ
(圖4)其中一種人工降雨的方式,亦是中國在北京奧運及西藏地區常用的手段,就是利用地上燃燒或者飛機、無人機以及火箭的方式把化學物(silver iodide,AgI)注入到雲中裡頭。1259Please respect copyright.PENANAhAblq6IbfT1259Please respect copyright.PENANAtVeE6EcJJZ
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAu72MBemncQ
AgI的角色就是促進水珠結晶的形成,提供一個優越的表面讓雨裡的水珠凝結,加速結晶體積增加的速度,最終誘使雨水降到地上。1259Please respect copyright.PENANAAwEKbVgS38
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAlpD8gTBpmg
這種人工的方式至少有兩種限制,一就是雲隻的存在,若果天上沒有雲的話,你送多少AgI上天也是徒勞無功的。1259Please respect copyright.PENANA5IESUN6Jn4
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAC3V9qpXNfX
二就是雲隻的溫度,雲的溫度隨著高度亦會有所不同,只有低過攝氏零度的雲隻AgI才會發揮顯著功效(Ref1,2)。1259Please respect copyright.PENANA37hGbBxmck
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAZvxkH9cMvW
因此,這種人工降雨的方式必需配合各種的天氣感測或量度系統輔助,才能找出適當的時機製造人工降雨。1259Please respect copyright.PENANAW6uyJaPMdk
1259Please respect copyright.PENANA3p6yGsOkI2
另一方面,這種人工降雨的方式無疑是先洗未來錢,中國在2018年的西藏地區至少興建了500個焚化爐(Ref3),意圖大幅增加西藏地區的降雨量。1259Please respect copyright.PENANAqYw0GfLeYO
1259Please respect copyright.PENANA7OVy4wVn93
這種手段間接促使到鄰近地區無法獲取充足雨水,這責任又應該是由誰來負責呢?而且,瘋狂運送科學物到天空,受害的最終會是誰?1259Please respect copyright.PENANAwHDPcL7GkH
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAR9Dqjtdv7K
那些「不應存在天上」的化學物,又是否會導致酸雨發生呢?1259Please respect copyright.PENANAjDcz4nsvjA
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAlCBwdX3nyP
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。1259Please respect copyright.PENANArLf21atMFU
1259Please respect copyright.PENANApInFuuoV4q
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc1259Please respect copyright.PENANAeG7f7ESlau
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAQs8EjV6vZA
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。1259Please respect copyright.PENANAebnU1KCLMY
1259Please respect copyright.PENANANzQ4Nd4zns
Link:1259Please respect copyright.PENANAZ5P4FLATZ7
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio1259Please respect copyright.PENANA7gN0qqnqxD
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAevXo6kFhXS
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAMLujp53pwm
有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。1259Please respect copyright.PENANAMSsB8GbPnB
1259Please respect copyright.PENANA9L6IhIhI6O
1259Please respect copyright.PENANAsX1rhNJqjW
Ref1:http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.17169951151259Please respect copyright.PENANAXgnfQZ5TIg
Ref2:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S092188311000169X1259Please respect copyright.PENANAeDfjlZ8pco
Ref3:https://singularityhub.com/2018/04/24/china-plans-to-bring-artificial-rain-to-area-three-times-the-size-of-spain/1259Please respect copyright.PENANAUGQmzBDJnB
arrow_back
科普專欄–薯不揀單
more_vert
-
info_outline 資料
-
toc 目錄
-
share 分享
-
format_color_text 介面設置
-
exposure_plus_1 推薦
-
打賞
-
report_problem 檢舉
-
account_circle 登入
X
科普專欄–薯不揀單
作者:
薯仔聞茱莉

篇 #49
深入淺出–人工降雨
喜歡 2
閱讀 1255
書籤 150
campaign
催更 0
打賞

按此加載下一章
X
每次催更後,作者都會收到通知!
smartphone100 → 催更
×
寫下你喜歡這個故事的地方
×
對此喜歡的人