科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–啡色脂肪

在著重修身的時代上，脂肪是一個較為負面性的用詞。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYcadG2M5uz
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而在學術層面上，脂肪大致上可分為三種；1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0vFJe58Nhb
白色脂肪(White Fat)、米色脂肪(Beige Fat)及啡色脂肪(Brown Fat)。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY0QOlqS9U9
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（圖1）白色脂肪的特徵就是油脂體積非常大，佔據細胞大部份的位置。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxh5F7gBBVW
而啡色及米色的油脂體積則較為細少，不會佔據細胞大部份位置。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgluDB63fml
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至所以會用顏色來形容及命名脂肪，原因是因為它們所含的鐵質數量不同，越多數量的粒線體(Mitochondria)，鐵質含量便會越高，在顯微鏡的染色片上能夠呈現更深色的啡色;1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡybrMAGxVTi
基於粒線體的性質不同，白色脂肪會將食物的養份轉化成為能量而儲存，而米色及啡色脂肪則會將食物養份轉化成為熱能。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxrlpfJWnI6
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肚腩，就是由白色脂肪主要構成，任何多餘的營養均會儲存下來。而處於頸部、鎖骨位置及盤骨裡的啡色脂肪，則不會把過剩的能源儲存，一一化作成為熱能。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqZIn48jY7y
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換句話說，若然我們身體的脂肪全都是啡色脂肪的話，我們所進食的過量營養一一會變作為熱能散走，不會變作成為肚腩。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ89IIp9Rhmk
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可惜的是，啡色脂肪會隨著年紀增加而減少；我們在嬰兒的時候會有大量啡色脂肪作保溫之用，而長大後則會逐一減少。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1K28tKxBt3
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這亦是為何年紀越大越容易擁有大肚腩的其中一個原因。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZTI1wFGB8t
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（圖2）將肚腩變成為米色脂肪的話，自當然是減肥的絕世大計!1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBDkpNnF42s
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而將肚腩(白色脂肪)變成為米色脂肪，現實上是可行的，這過程我們稱之為Browning。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTTolzl2HzO
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做運動、長期暴露在寒冷氣候，均會產生出不同荷爾蒙催化Browning發生。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuDPh0lctRQ
現時有不少科學家均積極研究Browning的確實機制，希望可以藉此來把白色脂肪轉化成為米色或啡色脂肪，藉此醫治癡肥及糖尿問題1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFCkWOQjFrW
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（圖3）近日有科學家發表文章（Ref1)，發表關於啡色脂肪的研究。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8wbcxGDFBL
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他們抽取健康人士頸部的脂肪細胞，並利用CRISPR基因技術把它們催化成為功能類近啡色脂肪的細胞。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdZyWbLjQVa
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他們分別把那名人士的白色脂肪及類近啡色脂肪注射到老鼠身上，作出各式各樣的實驗。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNnF3trE2Us
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其中一個實驗就是餵食老鼠高脂餐單持續3個月，並證實注射了啡色脂肪的老鼠體重明顯較輕，以及清楚找出了箇中的分子機制。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ52jaqpeext
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這一份研究所帶來的啟示，就是日後大有可能可以發展出抽取人類自身頸部的脂肪細胞、再把其轉化成為啡色脂肪注射回該名人士身上的減肥/治療癡肥/糖尿病的手法。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9vqAUCgMlw
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9ogOUt649f
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiy9mj1e5bD
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNlQu4eff2M
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Link:1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ70DLZdS239
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzaUbL2VtWX
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。1320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBHxW1Z00i7
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Ref1: https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/12/558/eaaz86641320Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOb9ETpcbal

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