科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–基因改造蚊子

埃及斑蚊，英文名為yellow fever mosquito，學名為Aedes aegypti，是白紋伊蚊的近親。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRizXIanmBe
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（圖1）男性品種不會叮人，只有女性品種才會叮人，藉著吸血等途徑傳播登革熱(Dengue Fever)等疾病。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg1ZWg2DZQJ
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殺蟲劑雖能殺滅蚊子，但蚊子亦逐漸展示出對殺蟲劑的抗藥性。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXwXwunxvSn
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而基於殺蟲劑會污染環境及危害部份雀鳥昆蟲健康關係，建立另類對付播毒蚊子的方法可謂有著絕對的迫切性。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0zm2DdrapN
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（圖2）有見及此，Oxitec公司(現為美國公司收購)培養出埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5UyCVlDCt7
牠們在幼蟲的時候需要四環黴素（Tetracycline)才能成功生長。在實驗室培植的時候，研究人員會在食物裡提供四環黴素，但當他們被放到野外的時候，便再也沒能取得足夠的四環黴素，沒能順利生長成為蚊子。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvcPd4bXbll
988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0EocYUG4Fc
男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種與女性正常品種交配的話，將有機會產生正常品種及OX513A品種的蚊卵。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvzYHKEmweY
988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB5uTiFnhto
在野外缺乏四環黴素的情況下，正常品種有86–88%成功長大為蚊子，而OX513A品種則只有3-4%的成功率。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2DOoTSBjBO
988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6YuFYOrvNW
以這個方式推算下去的話，蚊子下一代的比率將會大幅度減低。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ33I2Rxir1v
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（圖3）Oxitec公司在2010年英國開曼群島藉著此方式消除80%野外埃及斑蚊。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt7pSmsjXCM
而亦在2013年巴西巴伊亞州順利用上同樣方式消除~90%野外埃及斑蚊。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKtxu6O2Iix
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今年2020年8月，他們同樣依這種方式在美國佛羅里達發放男性男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFmoL3dtvJb
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此舉泛起不少反對聲音，不乏違反動物權利及人權等等。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoLvZAKUV3y
988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ6FWBgNPxY
亦有人認為此舉會破壞生態平衡，奈何此方法只會滅殺埃及斑蚊，不會影響其他蚊子品種，其他物種可照樣進食其他蚊子品種代替，不見得有任何大影響。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7d5qZeEWGG
988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ54oDmJQG53
至於亦有人認為埃及斑蚊有機會因而大遷徙到第二區域，這點反而有著潛在的可能性，值得探討一下。

睇番一大輪資料後，發覺原來依篇文所寫的方法係佢哋用係巴西的方法，18個月之內係有成效，之後蚊子數量回升。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyl5KJM5Ecy
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今次美國所用的方法係OX5034，同舊原理差唔多，但女性BB會死，而男性BB唔會。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmKsA51uCAN
988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7JusyHTU1i
無睇到佢哋媒體資料，只係睇咗佢哋之前所發出的學術文章，所以資料有錯，對不起。

如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnRpOwBLiwv
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3gZvfoOWWo
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdxqyPAdLlp
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2cwTk756qP
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOpppnHtyjb
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Ref:988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiBrZz6dIHS
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6072261/#R3988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9NVjdx4LzN
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4489809/988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpLUfuMwFuF
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1865532/988Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDPAJMXxGa9
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4063546/

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