科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–基因改造蚊子

埃及斑蚊，英文名為yellow fever mosquito，學名為Aedes aegypti，是白紋伊蚊的近親。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi77jyDwY3X
686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1fzahD7O1G
（圖1）男性品種不會叮人，只有女性品種才會叮人，藉著吸血等途徑傳播登革熱(Dengue Fever)等疾病。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuuxgXlsOxL
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殺蟲劑雖能殺滅蚊子，但蚊子亦逐漸展示出對殺蟲劑的抗藥性。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY4wEuZMueC
686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkz0i1q1LQw
而基於殺蟲劑會污染環境及危害部份雀鳥昆蟲健康關係，建立另類對付播毒蚊子的方法可謂有著絕對的迫切性。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfTH2F6OSyk
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（圖2）有見及此，Oxitec公司(現為美國公司收購)培養出埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxTrCS5zzXH
牠們在幼蟲的時候需要四環黴素（Tetracycline)才能成功生長。在實驗室培植的時候，研究人員會在食物裡提供四環黴素，但當他們被放到野外的時候，便再也沒能取得足夠的四環黴素，沒能順利生長成為蚊子。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzjTRKWHU3b
686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHFBKlFLI73
男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種與女性正常品種交配的話，將有機會產生正常品種及OX513A品種的蚊卵。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ27IZIlHDn9
686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB2kDUjZrgY
在野外缺乏四環黴素的情況下，正常品種有86–88%成功長大為蚊子，而OX513A品種則只有3-4%的成功率。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJTlKanuXX9
686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK6GysnbQqo
以這個方式推算下去的話，蚊子下一代的比率將會大幅度減低。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ24ySL5v7BP
686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp1E8F6XYXY
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686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmuTT1WkQvx
（圖3）Oxitec公司在2010年英國開曼群島藉著此方式消除80%野外埃及斑蚊。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5KBLBIAwmZ
而亦在2013年巴西巴伊亞州順利用上同樣方式消除~90%野外埃及斑蚊。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtICga2q7bR
686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAK1jRA3JZB
今年2020年8月，他們同樣依這種方式在美國佛羅里達發放男性男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡokNcLZMnri
686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQTeTpt03qy
此舉泛起不少反對聲音，不乏違反動物權利及人權等等。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0UXGbAwj8V
686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY1RKPtHVse
亦有人認為此舉會破壞生態平衡，奈何此方法只會滅殺埃及斑蚊，不會影響其他蚊子品種，其他物種可照樣進食其他蚊子品種代替，不見得有任何大影響。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzqygfO3kO7
686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNWjM4MuhHk
至於亦有人認為埃及斑蚊有機會因而大遷徙到第二區域，這點反而有著潛在的可能性，值得探討一下。

睇番一大輪資料後，發覺原來依篇文所寫的方法係佢哋用係巴西的方法，18個月之內係有成效，之後蚊子數量回升。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeiq83qqtGq
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今次美國所用的方法係OX5034，同舊原理差唔多，但女性BB會死，而男性BB唔會。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZwRaJQhGdu
686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNuTyGc1i3d
無睇到佢哋媒體資料，只係睇咗佢哋之前所發出的學術文章，所以資料有錯，對不起。

如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH4y59zW8HE
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWSBje7UBKW
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcwyJf8QSiq
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https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeT4gWULMy4
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK61e0bUbkD
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Ref:686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ4YuYcgx5l
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6072261/#R3686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM1pAuYOhME
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4489809/686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbMycaGYuPa
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1865532/686Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlQaWukTH9g
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4063546/

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