癌症一直是備受關注的議題，至今已累積不少證據，癌細胞的新陳代謝與普通細胞有著與別不同的地方。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCnVBMN5vIR
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不少科學家深信，若然能夠針對癌細胞獨有的新陳代謝機制，將能更有效及針對性抑壓癌細胞的生長，甚至是殲滅它們。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwZ2ZiUejpK
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近日，有科學家發表文章（Ref1)，提出新的證據顯示新陳代謝對於癌細胞擴展的重要性。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ65JlIhfHsF
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圖1）講解文章內容之前，我們需要快速學習一下相關的術語。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUEvduQZxs8
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腫瘤由原來的位置轉移到另外一個器官，整個過程我們稱之為Metastasis。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4SMWxLHamm
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Primary Tumor(原發腫瘤)就是指原本被發現的癌細胞所在地，癌細胞會透過血液循環系統(Blood Circulatory System)或者淋巴系統(Lymphatic System)而從原本的位置轉移到另外一個器官，若然癌細胞能夠在第二個器官順利安頓下來及繁殖生長的話，我們會稱那腫瘤為Secondary Tumor（繼發性腫瘤）。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo1u9HeHuVY
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非常遺憾地，很多癌症病人的死因就在於Metastasis的發生，亦即是繼發性腫瘤的出現。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2rwXLMpsDY
所以現今有不少科學家致力研究癌細胞Metastasis的機制，希望可以找出有效的方法阻止其發生。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUxjhBCzfdV
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（圖2）科學家們分別從30歲以下人士及60歲以上人士抽取其血清用作培養癌細胞之用。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8REsoMNoj4
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他們發現，利用60歲以上人士血清培養過的癌細胞，將比30歲以下人士的1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNO3KxY1kDg
1.更呈化療藥物抗藥性1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlvJLXShVIM
2.更容易使癌細胞出現Metastasis1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡISqf0abVyg
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（圖3）經過一大輪的實驗後，科學家們發現60歲以上人士的血清含有更多methylmalonic acid (MMA)。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLJpY9RBmCo
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當清除血清裡的MMA過後，血清亦因而失去誘導癌細胞發生Metastasis的功能；1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3q8leeoMHN
MMA的來源，已知是由代謝蛋白質及脂肪的時候會產生出來。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK4jVz35UUo
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而他們亦證實，脂肪結構會協助MMA更有效率進入癌細胞，誘發一系列的過程誘使Metastasis發生。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMxlOsRX4nF
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確實究竟是甚麼的脂肪結構，以及為何年老人士會有較多的MMA，暫時還沒能搞清楚。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfxiUzdm4JE
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缺乏維他命B12，已被確定為會引致更多MMA的產生，但是從60歲以上人士的血清裡頭並沒有發現維他命B12與血清的MMA有直接的關聯，相信一定是有其他的原因導致MMA濃度的增加。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFufuEzUyaO
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要注意的是，文章所說的是，MMA有著誘導癌細胞進行Metastasis功效，而不是指MMA能夠誘導細胞轉化成為癌細胞。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCzVpANBv3z
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總結來說，隨著歲數的增加，我們身體裡的MMA濃度亦會增加，提供了一個「良好」的環境讓癌細胞進行Metastasis。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrTdJzNiHXF
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無論如何，如何想利用這結果來進一步發展日後的癌細胞醫療方法，還需要深入搞清楚裡頭的機制才行。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4A6hGLW9nc
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUm9X0haWCG
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNGeIi104P0
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9YD1n4Ryb4
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Link:1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8EY2DWYnof
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4dB97TXhHB
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。1080Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeMphAHAZzp
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2630-08964 copyright protection1076ＰＥＮＡＮＡtK1YAux4Od 維尼

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