科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–潛伏在另一器官的癌細胞

癌細胞從原處走到另一地方(轉移，Metastasis)，均需透過血液或淋巴系統作交通渠道。583Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHI3P5eJ1bF
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有不少癌細胞轉移到另一器官後會呈「休養」狀態，不迅速繁殖，而是長期潛伏在另一器官內。583Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrvE7F5JBYe
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因此就算沒能檢測得到循環腫瘤細胞的存在，也不百分百等於未來不會出現癌細胞轉移事件。583Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYWYoirAExb
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(圖2)科學家分別把人類及老鼠的癌細胞注入到老鼠模型作研究，發現癌細胞發生轉移的機率是與目的地所含的NK cell數量有關係。583Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8D7J0XKAkG
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目的地所含的NK cell越多，該地方出現癌細胞轉移的機率亦會越低。583Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡggCXuNxzTo
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之所以會出現這情況，除了是NK cell殺死癌細胞這可能性之外，科學家發現NK cell會釋放interferon-γ (IFN-γ)的物質，誘使癌細胞進入休養狀態，不進行自我繁殖。583Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3zKWnRdXX3
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(圖3)奈何，至少在肝臟裡頭，一種名為Hepatic stellate cells會釋出CXCL12物質，CXCL12會阻礙NK cell的生長速度。583Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZQNyZjfNWf
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久而久之，便再也沒有足夠的NK cell抑制癌細胞的生長，而當潛伏在另一器官的癌細胞快速繁殖之時，這亦是轉移(Metastasis)被鑑定發生之時。583Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX3G4AKI13E
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對此，研發藥物或療程確保NK cell長期處於足夠水平，或許是一道避免癌細胞發生轉移的大方向。583Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl6X5K6OlWm
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03614-z583Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbh5sJYVIki

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