科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–潛伏在另一器官的癌細胞

癌細胞從原處走到另一地方(轉移，Metastasis)，均需透過血液或淋巴系統作交通渠道。703Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXYWjt7oleo
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有不少癌細胞轉移到另一器官後會呈「休養」狀態，不迅速繁殖，而是長期潛伏在另一器官內。703Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNC7Es2GMm7
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因此就算沒能檢測得到循環腫瘤細胞的存在，也不百分百等於未來不會出現癌細胞轉移事件。703Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgPv5g16aQU
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(圖2)科學家分別把人類及老鼠的癌細胞注入到老鼠模型作研究，發現癌細胞發生轉移的機率是與目的地所含的NK cell數量有關係。703Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyEm3EiOohi
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目的地所含的NK cell越多，該地方出現癌細胞轉移的機率亦會越低。703Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2uA3n6Lj1C
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之所以會出現這情況，除了是NK cell殺死癌細胞這可能性之外，科學家發現NK cell會釋放interferon-γ (IFN-γ)的物質，誘使癌細胞進入休養狀態，不進行自我繁殖。703Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTTPNmmfpRX
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(圖3)奈何，至少在肝臟裡頭，一種名為Hepatic stellate cells會釋出CXCL12物質，CXCL12會阻礙NK cell的生長速度。703Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9DOcd6y8E8
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久而久之，便再也沒有足夠的NK cell抑制癌細胞的生長，而當潛伏在另一器官的癌細胞快速繁殖之時，這亦是轉移(Metastasis)被鑑定發生之時。703Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCf6pTzLZZM
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對此，研發藥物或療程確保NK cell長期處於足夠水平，或許是一道避免癌細胞發生轉移的大方向。703Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgsb1pSFWRh
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03614-z703Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl8DzA3u5Ln

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