科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–粒線體分裂

粒線體在大部份的教科書裡均會被描繪成為橢圓形狀，然而這與事實是完全的背道而馳。563Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTn2fHlkegO
粒線體在細胞內並無固定形態，且經常會改變自身的形狀。563Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNLOZ4g416b
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(圖2)圖中的鬼劃符並非是茶餐廳侍應生字體、亦不是醫生字體，而是粒線體的各種倩影。563Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNMBQrM6AhK
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由此可見得到粒線體的形象百變，絕非是普通的一個橢圓形這麼簡單。563Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ76gzuk4Td0
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另一點值得注意的是圖中的藍色三角型，它標示著粒線體即將一分為二的位置;563Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡljEnY6U0zy
有一些處於中間位置，而有一些則位於界乎邊緣的位置。563Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrWhYR8rWJl
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(圖3)橙色框架為粒線體在邊緣位置一分為二，而綠色框架為粒線體在中間位置一分為二。563Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0eEkDy9Ghu
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兩者的分別究竟是隨機所致，還是別有用心做成的呢?563Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9w5qc6Qjy1
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(圖4)經過一系列的研究發現，往中間分裂的粒線體為正常運作的粒線體，以一變二從而更有效率為細胞提供能源。563Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhMvUBZ62BO
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而朝邊緣分裂的粒線體大多是有問題的粒線體，這樣做的目的是提供訊號號令細胞殲滅自己，分解過程涉及名為lysosome的細胞器官，且被稱之為Mitophagy。563Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsCvNz0Cruq
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有不少證據顯示，若過量的粒線體分裂過程處理失當的話，便會引致神經衰退、心臟問題甚至是癌症等疾病，所以絕對不能看少。563Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjq5O2wa1eT
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03510-6.epdf?sharing_token=mzsmDs0ANdRBBQvInQMvvtRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OMD04Ej-fby18QAbbYG6vyeMOYV7CCtU3H37dLLVGMhZrbaWwtYnIpOFGd_LqSK3hdGqNlM7t6Rx3bnspU9DQ9gY6z-suKVBlosRUCiyfKgCZhfjCY5-MquoelNTFJO3k%3D