科普專欄–薯不揀單 - <<深入淺出–生吃牛肉的潛在風險>>

普遍來說，雞肉和豬肉我們通常都會煮熟才吃，但牛肉就偏偏可以選擇幾成熟來品嘗，究竟點解呢？806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCoQIbIaGsB
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事實上，生吃食物始終會有一定風險，有機會導致食物中毒，純粹因為牛肉的風險相對比雞肉和豬肉較低，所以才有「生食」牛肉的選擇。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjySsFHPvCU
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近在2020年6月，美國號令回收4萬三千磅牛肉，原因就是化驗證實那批牛肉含有令人腹瀉的大腸幹菌，老是在美國牛肉常出現的O157:H7品種。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzISN3I2v0f
（這不是食神劇情，而是確實新聞，Ref1)806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2dRKTOjW31
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而自從90年代發現這品種後，美國規定牛肉出售前必須測量是否含有某幾種令人肚瀉的大腸幹菌。這一次為何能夠流出市面，那就不得而知了。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFNtwcnQ953
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在繼續講解之前，我們先以超簡略的方式認識一下細菌的外部構造。（圖2）806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLs3bbe8CC4
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Capsule806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF10pXqlqXU
防止細菌脫水806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDq7HhbBLY5
保護自己免被人類的吞噬細胞吞噬806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYlfGV3nX8q
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Pili806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX45HXdPmKA
用來抓實接觸面，例如腸道壁膜，同時亦都可以用來幫助移動806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKR3OUKvWd4
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Flagellum806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyHDqdFk19S
會以螺旋槳的方式轉動，讓細菌可以隨意走動806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDXIQuLQVwG
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如有興趣想知道細菌和病毒的分別，可閱讀我之前所寫的文章806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9F48rG9iU8
https://www.penana.com/article/465358806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZFVtOpmN5m
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（圖3）令人腹瀉的大腸幹菌有好多種，而經常因為食用未煮熟的牛肉而出現在新聞的是Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvR3Wom3VLV
顧名意義，它們能夠釋放Shiga toxin這有毒物質，而E coli則是大腸幹菌的簡稱。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY03qBr26mP
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O157:H7品種，就是STEC的一種，潛伏期為2-3日。它們被曾證實可以逗留在外間土壤21個月有多，只有70度以上高溫才能確保徹底消滅它們。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKVq49AbVLV
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它們最為麻煩的地方，就是能夠抵禦胃酸，有能力從胃部游走到腸道。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOn85Zf1f42
到達腸道位置後，它們所釋放的Shiga toxin能夠對腸壁的細胞造成傷害，引致腹瀉及脫水。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyCwPhQe3Qn
嚴重情況下更會引致溶血性尿毒綜合症(HUS)，對腎臟造成長久傷害。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2hTZeT4uEa
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而最「令人意想不到」的是，此病絕對不可以用抗生素來醫治。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSjuy2Fm2ev
因為用抗生素來傷害它們的話，只會導致更多Shiga toxin從它們身上釋出體外，適得其反。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr6AM0fAPvG
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通常情況下，醫生會抽取病人的糞便樣本，斷症腹瀉是否由STEC而起。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2uXY97vHnE
如果屬實，可以做的方法就是盡量讓病人補充水份，避免脫水情況過於嚴重，並等待身體自我康復。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaMp7NvwERG
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照這個情況來看，或者，侵侵吃Well Done牛排是有他的道理......806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsn0bqFP22j
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當然，如果牛肉來貨沒有問題，而處理上一切衛生措施做足的話，應該不會引起太大問題的。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNGzPqbu0Z4
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至少我都暫時未試過因為食生牛扒而肚瀉。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMRzcGrEqWO
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（在摸著木塊下的情況寫下這句。）806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyNfNUpr4xT
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ZPdWCHjbH
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqaH8kRgyCy
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。806Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG08nYWCLmV
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Ref1:

https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/14/health/ground-beef-recall-e-coli-lakeside-refrigerated-trnd/index.html

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