科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–藥物效果因人而異的其中一道解說

藥物的效用有時候因人而異，其中一道原因，可以歸究於每個人體內的腸道細菌品種有所不同所致。449Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjZUolvvACy
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(圖2)口服藥物要抵達血管循環系統的話，無可避免將會途經我們的腸道。449Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgDm8G8XKFM
而我們腸道的細菌有能力改造或代謝藥物，因而改變藥物結構及其效用。449Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjoyjSmUkh9
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(圖3)有科學家找來人體最為常見的76種腸道細菌品種，與271款不同界別常用的藥物共同放在一起12小時。449Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr0NEaitRru
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最終發現，271款藥物中，有多達176款藥物的濃度在被至少一種腸道細菌影響下，濃度減少了20%;449Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb7eaqgTLGX
而這些腸道細菌品種每款可以代謝11-95款藥物不等。449Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9e64jKgOge
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用上老鼠作動物模型，科學家更能找出所屬細菌哪一條基因負責消化/代謝藥物，引證腸道細菌影響藥物吸收的理念。449Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHWx0NzpVQg
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倘若你腸道恰巧住有細菌A，而細菌A又有能力吸收你所口服的藥物，那麼藥效便有可能會大大減低。449Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRQrlwuzFCO
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血液注射而非口服的藥物將有機會不受此限，因為藥物並不需一定要經過腸道裡頭。449Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2WYBG14NnX
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。449Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr203iUMMsB
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc449Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLmtfQkO2nS
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。449Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9YraZDpQ2b
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Link:449Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2i45BWDXZt
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio449Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmZuHhSan0N
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除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account，否則我的IG將不會再作更新，只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。449Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnVvpS23Xyx
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1291-3449Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYgzQo8LBZg

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產後大流血(Postpartum hemorrhage)，如字面所說，為孕婦產後大量出血超過500亳升以上。487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxzIGSfoJUS
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若然出現此症狀，醫生通常會為孕婦注射oxytocin，加快子宮收縮，抑止流血症狀。487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdGpViotRLe
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(圖2)Oxytocin需要冷藏儲存，否則其功效便會大幅度減低。487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB5xT7buTD8
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一些較為不發達的國家，有時候因條件不佳，沒有冷藏的oxytocin可供使用，若有產後大流血的發生，孕婦最終的結局往往會朝最壞的一面發展。487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz7z1E03OgG
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(圖3)根據世衛指引，僅次於Oxytocin治療產後大流血的辦法就是misoprostol，它不但比Oxytocin更為便宜，而且只需口服不用注射，且可放在室溫儲存，可以說是完美地解決了不發達國家所面對的問題。487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVJodN0sx0H
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有不少在醫院外產嬰的情況，也是依靠misoprostol來拯救孕婦一命。487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsGBdrObHK2
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然而，這藥物在1986年間被巴西認可為法定醫療藥物，但隨之很快又被除名，列為非法藥物。487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRWcGGPO5HY
原因是基於這藥物有著讓子宮收縮功能，不少人士利用這藥物作墜胎藥物，引致流產。487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2DM3GzyQsp
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但是，若此藥物能得以正確使用及作出分配的話，無數的生命亦可得以拯救。487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz9p4ZCbYGI
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究竟應該容許流入正當市場，還是全面禁制才對呢?487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6E7uOQ8yrM
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYUHFhZtDo6
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzuoIxrv5q4
487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbb0tLxDS0l
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbkB4V0JIKM
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Link:487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9Nx0iTugJa
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmVrX1jtQsD
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除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account，否則我的IG將不會再作更新，只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTa7BJds7QF
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Ref1:https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03535-3487Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN0embAH8FC

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