白內障是糖尿病引發出的一種常見徵狀,而箇中的因由,事實上是與我們日常生活息息相關的。210Please respect copyright.PENANAs0dxKdS69h
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(圖2)我們眼睛的Lens部位之所以呈透明,主要是因為裡頭一種名為Crystallin的蛋白質所致。210Please respect copyright.PENANAaUZjaI54as
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氨基酸組合成一起的話,我們會稱之為蛋白質。210Please respect copyright.PENANAg4J6AZ6qVu
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而糖尿病所引起的白內障,就是糖份與Crystallin蛋白質的氨基酸產生反應,形成淡黃色的物質所致。210Please respect copyright.PENANAI0iJuNsaSB
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(圖3)氨基酸與某類別的糖份在高溫處理下,便會產生啡色物質及帶有香味等等的化學物,這個過程又稱之為梅納反應 (Maillard reaction);210Please respect copyright.PENANAnx3Wkp8dlp
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雖然梅納本人發佈梅納反應結果的時候,隻字沒有提及過會在食物上產生。210Please respect copyright.PENANA1IK6jUMeOM
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而糖尿病白內障的形成,原理跟梅納反應非常接近,同樣是血糖與Crystallin氨基酸產生啡黃色物質所致。210Please respect copyright.PENANAINmwgNQ3jj
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不同的是,白內障整個過程是長期在37度裡頭發生,而我們日常煮食/焗麵包/燒烤的溫度大多情況下會比37度為高,故此眼睛產生啡黃色物質的速度亦比較緩慢。210Please respect copyright.PENANAt5EXU0bEmP
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有科學家亦曾嘗試將牛及人類的眼睛晶片放在陰暗位置的糖水裡10個月,其分離出的淡黃色物質,跟患有白內障的眼睛晶片所分離出的是一模一樣。210Please respect copyright.PENANA1U5Pk2w4hX
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蛋白質產生出來後,細胞會有機制會將其毀滅,然後再產生新的蛋白質;210Please respect copyright.PENANAGVN6sXhc3a
尤其是蛋白質出現不正常的改變或損毀的時候,這過程尤為重要。210Please respect copyright.PENANAiG6mU5ddOv
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而眼睛晶片的Crystallin蛋白質,因為天生屬於「毀滅然後再生」極為緩慢的一群,因此就算遭受到糖份改造,細胞亦沒能作出處理及更正。210Please respect copyright.PENANAmblCnviP0Z
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除眼睛晶片外,紅血球亦是遭受糖份梅納反應影響的一群。因此很多時候,某類別被糖份改造的紅血球含量會成為探測糖尿病的指標。210Please respect copyright.PENANA5eqi31eIiK
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。210Please respect copyright.PENANAabb6xYNVru
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc210Please respect copyright.PENANAPEOnbCalqa
210Please respect copyright.PENANAICuhCgXdZl
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。210Please respect copyright.PENANAseci1AEZVM
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Link:210Please respect copyright.PENANAkHz75oMe1C
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio210Please respect copyright.PENANAO7DJS3kT8G
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除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account,否則我的IG將不會再作更新,只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。210Please respect copyright.PENANAwdZtqyRvfe
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Ref1:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/anie.201308808210Please respect copyright.PENANA5myZdBTvZ8
Ref2:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/211/4481/491/tab-pdf210Please respect copyright.PENANAIsITQuBlpq
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科普專欄–薯不揀單
Author:
薯仔聞茱莉
ISSUE #195
三十秒科學–何解糖尿病會引致白內障?
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