科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–腸道細菌對生長的影響（一）

上集講述了腸道細菌的品種變異有助大腸癌形成的證據。918Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgJRldI32VN
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而除大腸癌外，腸道細菌的品種對成長方面亦會構成影響。918Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpTshuAkQTe
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(圖2)世衛(WHO)用上來自6個國家的8440個健康兒童三項數據918Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFgKZnzkclH
(重量對比高度、重量對比歲數及高度對比歲數)，定立了兒童是否呈營養充足的標準。918Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8f51KX26ro
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若兒童的三項數據低於某一個程度，兒童便會界定為營養不良的狀態。918Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡapcjfQ02Ib
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(圖3)根據世衛定下的標準界定其營養攝取量是否充足，有科學家收集來自非洲東南部的內陸國家馬拉威6-18月大的兒童糞便，透過糞便移植(從口中灌入)將人類腸道的細菌寄居到老鼠的腸道中，從而探討腸道細菌對生長的影響（Ref1)。918Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9KGO7exBDQ
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(圖4)在食物款式一模一樣的情況下，移植營養充足兒童糞便的老鼠，其整體重量及肌肉重量均比移植營養不良兒童糞便的老鼠為高。918Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvh2whaPjJy
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重要的是，兩組老鼠的進食量及體脂均無顯著分別。918Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCqW2qmCzL8
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亦即是表示在食物攝取量一樣的狀態下，移植營養充足兒童糞便的老鼠，其肌肉的增長相對上較高。918Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8o17utOlll
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(圖5)科學家繼而作出另一實驗，糞便移植4日後，老鼠便開始進行不同組別的定居。918Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPyjdEAByhA
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當移植營養充足兒童糞便的老鼠與營養不良兒童糞便的老鼠一同定居後，兩者的肌肉重量再也沒有分別。918Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0bHXawIQwP
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但兩組分別飼養的話，移植營養充足兒童糞便的老鼠的肌肉重量顯然比營養不良兒童糞便組別為重。918Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrMCGh0C9wq
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(圖6)科學家發現，不同組別的老鼠定居後，老鼠的腸道群組亦同化成為營養充足的腸道群組。918Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNyhVmNBzXV
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而經過一系列的實驗後，科學家提出R. gnavus 及 C. symbiosum這兩細菌品種在改變新陳代謝方面上具有重大的影響力，引致老鼠生長不良的情況。918Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Zxq8RrTa5
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Ref1:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4787260/918Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Ve5FrIDH9