在應對武肺的方針上，中國現時共有兩款滅活疫苗處於臨床研究Phase3的過程。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIahtuJEpU9
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兩款設計理念相同的疫苗分別為香港人相對較為認識的科興(Sinovac)，以及國營機構(Sinopharm/CNBG)。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBUbmCy6f6u
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只不過，既然設計理念相同，那麼兩者的分別究竟何在呢？1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvu9fiaa5xP
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（圖2）在深入兩者分別前，我們需要理解一下滅活疫苗的製造方式。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4B2pjeSgl3
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首先，醫生或科學家會從一名進入深切治療部的中國病患肺部體液中抽取病毒，經過數輪實驗室細胞的培植，最後加入化學物消減病毒的感染力以及多重過濾，最終取得弱化的武肺病毒作疫苗的原材料。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC4PBnOetrq
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從病人體液中抽取病毒後，病毒便可經由實驗室細胞無限量地培植，不需再向病人作任何的抽取動作。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA4pTJ1I8is
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（圖3）根據現有文獻(Ref1及Ref2)，科興疫苗的病毒原材料為CN2 strain，而國營疫苗的病毒原材料為WIV04 strain；1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfRvoepQLU7
為方便有興趣的讀者，兩者排組的超連結已列在文末。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwD0lvqt7RF
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比較兩款疫苗的病毒原材料的氨基酸排組，兩者在學界所認定的區域中接近是一模一樣，唯一的方別就處於Orf8區域上，箇中有著一顆氨基酸的差別不同。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxQu4JB11r1
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（圖4）Orf8的84號位置氨基酸經常被錄得變異，而科興及國營所用的病毒原材料，在該位置的氨基酸並不相同。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOsqVpfkIxV
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（圖5）另外，兩款疫苗均用上化學物beta-propiolactone（BPL)消減病毒感染力。籠統來說，BPL能夠與蛋白質產生化學作用，因而能夠對病毒的各種結構作出一定程度的「破壞」。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgCzjdalhnh
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這化學物較常用在消毒手術工具等方面，基於這物質揮發性較高，消毒完成後可透過加熱或真空的方式移除化學物。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlZb4IfTCl4
但基於其致癌的性質，這化學物並不適宜動用在沒有專業工具或設施的日常方面。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ22F32tskea
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有趣的是，根據文獻記載，科興疫苗所用的BPL消毒時間為24小時，而國營疫苗所用的BPL消毒時間為48小時。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡusggPo4752
兩者有所差別的原因暫時不詳，有可能是兩者所用的BPL濃度有所不同，因此所需的消毒時間亦有分別。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhrwcGplvZA
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有心的讀者可以比對一下兩款疫苗所用的BPL濃度，本人暫時找不到相關資料作出比對。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUZJwGWoKGR
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除病毒原料排組、BPL消毒時間外，兩款疫苗在製作上可能亦有著截然不同的分別，但本人閱覽現知已公開的文獻資料後並找不出適當的資料作對比，非常歡迎有心人提供可作引用的公開資料作補充。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAG6F6mryCz
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而在物流的處理上，根據新華社報導（Ref5)，中國已在公開第三期臨床報告前為四百五十萬人注射國產疫苗，而國營疫苗手頭上暫時共有一千萬枝疫苗，2021年預計能生產一億枝疫苗(Ref6)。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy6Xz8MUFb9
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而讓人振奮的是，中國在12月31日的公開記者會上表示(Ref5)，將會免費為所有中國人注射國產疫苗。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7EFCnTAMiC
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然而，繼新年賀辭及淘寶上均被遺忘的香港，在法庭上雖已遵照人民日報的領導下將肥佬黎再度囚禁，但亦未能獲得中國的垂青，只能跟巴西及土耳其等國家一樣，獲取購買科興疫苗的權利，而不能得到中國人免費注射國產疫苗的恩賜。1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxVLplrVXdd
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CN2 strain排組: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MT407650.1/ （Sinovac）1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn4HOL8qk2z
WIV04 strain排組:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MN996528.1/ （Sinopharm）1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqev9nUisGR
Ref1:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7202686/1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSnsPW79v6u
Ref2:https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/27696121097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWjjDu4tzEZ
Ref3:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7577707/1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVpLriVWuBE
Ref4:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/370/6522/12631097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2urvz8FatN
Ref5:http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-12/31/c_139632627.htm1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZOoVLzUPWy
Ref6:https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/12/it-s-crazy-upbeat-covid-19-vaccine-news-china-and-uk-leave-scientists-wanting-more1097Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSpOfYa5xDO
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