科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–腸道細菌與大腸癌

腸道是細菌們聚居體內的其中一道地方，而腸道細菌品種的變異，將有助大腸癌的形成。754Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3SlhPAXyNi
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（圖2）糞便含有腸道的細菌，透過糞便移植(其中一方法為從口中灌入)，人類腸道的細菌亦因而能夠寄居到老鼠腸道中。754Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXcuF0sAOeN
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就此，有科學家嘗試將健康人士及腸癌病人的糞便移植到老鼠腸道中，探索腸道細菌對大腸癌的影響(Ref1)。754Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrM7mCp944x
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（圖3）從圖中可見，莫論是健康還是腸癌人士糞便組別也好，普通老鼠均不會出現腸癌。754Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVKaHljzTGK
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但在天生容易生腸癌的老鼠中，移植腸癌人士糞便後所出現的腫瘤數量，明顯的比健康人士糞便組別為多。754Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfsAPBH1t6K
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（圖4）同時，移植腸癌人士糞便後所出現的腫瘤，體積亦明顯的比健康人士糞便組別為大。754Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhs47EBEiqQ
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而移植糞便後，兩組老鼠的腸道細菌品種亦有明顯分別。754Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdsqK3QLTY0
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（圖5）重要的是，腸癌人士糞便中的某幾隻脂肪酸數量，亦明顯比健康人士糞便組別為少。754Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqyADWyS4Ix
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依照現時的理論，人體有部份的腸道細菌乃依靠消化食用纖維維生。754Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcwTwETOBWB
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當人體長期沒有進食纖維的話，將會導致腸道細菌品種失衡，使進食脂肪酸的細菌品種助大。754Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6x7p5ZVnvp
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這亦有可能解釋得到，為何腸癌人士糞便中某數款脂肪酸的數量亦相對之為少。754Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdcZltUzx9d
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基於腸道細菌品種與大腸癌的形成有著密切關係，有不少研究團隊亦開始研究如何透過檢測糞便的細菌品種來推算出大腸癌的出現機率，與內窺鏡檢查相輔相成。754Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5CqieM57Qb
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Ref1:https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(19)30625-5/fulltext754Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBalmSOOrWi

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