科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 深入淺出–動物過冬的一道奇謀

冬天到來，各動物均出盡渾身解數迎接大自然給予的挑戰，譬如老生常談的燕子南遷及松鼠冬眠等等。875Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNfLyW9k4p2
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（圖2）而今次將要介紹的主角，就是體積非常細小的小臭鼩(Etruscan shrew)。875Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvML0ZEkmK9
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（圖3）冬天期間，小臭鼩(Etruscan shrew)的大腦皮層厚度會相應減少。875Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8V0k1rXNZP
從圖中可見，唯獨是L4區域有所縮細，其他區域並無顯著改變。875Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD0lPJXu0Nw
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（圖4）有趣的是，在夏天期間，若果食物供應不足夠的話，小臭鼩(Etruscan shrew)的大腦皮層厚度亦會相應減少。875Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL0bS620gpl
但若果食物供應足夠的話，則不會出現「腦細」的情況。875Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP0l3LrK9Lp
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（圖5）之所出現「腦細」的其中一個原因，相信是與新陳代謝有關。875Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCtuQucdHGg
對比其他區域，L4區域含有最高濃度的Cytochrome oxidase(CO)蛋白酶，875Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQyMT6wBkJP
而CO蛋白酶的功用則為製造能源。875Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡajDBqYgHwH
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這暗示出可能小臭鼩為了應對冬天食物短缺問題，所以索性盡量棄用與新陳代謝有關的部份，以作節省資源。875Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8X0iO00V7u
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當然，亦不排除有其他的可能性。875Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZpAU3T5EvQ
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（圖6）圖中為大腦皮層磁力共振得出的影像。875Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNltmfDkykW
藍綠色為冬天的時候，而橙黃色則為夏天時候。875Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu0dcbLc5jH
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冬天和夏天的影像互相重疊後，橙黃色的區域較多，顯示夏天的腦部體積較冬天的為大。875Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCMaz3Pr9ZV
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平均來說，小臭鼩在冬天時候的大腦皮層厚度會縮減28%左右，但在下一年夏天的時候則會完全恢復回原有的厚度。875Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBqFDrHmQC2
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Ref1:https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/11/24/1922888117875Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMuF16mpVZJ