NASA計劃2033年派人類登陸火星,而火星大氣的氧含量只有0.14%,不足生存用,因此氧氣的供應問題必須著手解決。899Please respect copyright.PENANALiGcA3eCrK
899Please respect copyright.PENANAdIuZTYSkz1
899Please respect copyright.PENANAnd64KX6FFH
(圖2)為針對此問題,NASA與MIT攜手合作,推行命為MOXIE (Mars OXygen In situ resource utilization Experiment) 的方案。899Please respect copyright.PENANA3v1WMhzbqc
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899Please respect copyright.PENANAugC1V5EyKl
理論就是將火星的二氧化碳電解成為可呼吸用的氧氣及一氧化碳,箇中所產生的一氧化碳對人體有效,所以必須隔走。899Please respect copyright.PENANAxlNn8EX7oZ
而2020的火星登陸計劃其中一項試驗,就是測試裝置能否達到每小時產生10-22克氧氣的功效。899Please respect copyright.PENANAaCc9GYjhOJ
899Please respect copyright.PENANAQ5wGSffpb5
(圖3)另一方面,根據早前鳳凰號登陸器所得出的資料,火星的水份含有大量的Mg(ClO4)2 化學物,Mg(ClO4)2 將水份的結冰點降低,促使水份在攝氏零下70度才會結冰。899Please respect copyright.PENANA2EAugPL8Gm
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火星的年度平均溫度為攝氏零下63度,上下幅度為攝氏100度,所以水份亦會有部份時間呈液體狀態。899Please respect copyright.PENANAcifnidfJrR
899Please respect copyright.PENANA8cAbKYEf3A
有科學家嘗試運用攝氏零下36度模擬火星情景(Ref1),成功將水化解成氧氣(呼吸用)及氫氣(燃料用),不但不會產生有毒的二氧化碳,而且功率比NASA方法高出5倍有多。899Please respect copyright.PENANAIkwFUg6LIb
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雖然無法確定此理論是否真的在火星可行,但這項研究至少為2033年登陸火星的行動提供另一道製氧及燃料的方案。899Please respect copyright.PENANA8UK3I9H4TU
899Please respect copyright.PENANAdP1dBsE7Rt
有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。899Please respect copyright.PENANAbtd2LSrJy4
899Please respect copyright.PENANAAYGBpppbIN
https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/899Please respect copyright.PENANAyv9MiCXvuG
899Please respect copyright.PENANAybnaXuzude
899Please respect copyright.PENANARukhauWnGB
Ref1:https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/11/24/2008613117899Please respect copyright.PENANAnTn1a6eSfm
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科普專欄–薯不揀單
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科普專欄–薯不揀單
Author:
薯仔聞茱莉
ISSUE #116
深入淺出–火星的氧氣供應問題
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