前列腺癌細胞生長速度相對上比較緩慢，再加上普遍認為前列腺癌細胞需要一段非常長的時間才會開始散播全身，所以周不時亦會對此有一種「輕視」的睇法。555Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAiVrF0jyMK
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（圖2）前列腺癌中，約有0.5-1%被界定為squamous cell carcinoma (scPC)，這些個案裡頭有接近50%是經由正常治療的方法引起，亦即是放射性治療及針對雄激素等的藥物治療。555Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQojJplVEUd
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變成scPC後，化療等方法的治療效果會大幅降低，而癌細胞散播全身(尤其肺部)的機率會變成為32%，比正常的普遍品種高出5倍有多，暫時並無任何有效手段治理。555Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjADPwRhHBD
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（圖3）癌細胞形成的其中一種說法是，負責抑制癌細胞生長的蛋白質(Tumor Suppressor)因基因變異而失去功效，而促進癌細胞生長的蛋白質(Oncogene)同時因基因變異而增強功效。555Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfjiVRi3NWg
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兩隻互相之間的平衡，最終會主宰細胞的命運。555Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhiUOe1e1cy
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（圖4）今年終有科學家透過老鼠模型的研究得出（Ref1)，如果LKB1及PTEN這兩隻Tumor Suppressor同時失去功用的話，前列腺癌就會迅速變成scPC，而且更出現多達80%的老鼠前列腺癌細胞轉移到肺部的個案。555Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGwt9wRr9iv
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不幸之中的大幸是，不少病人的LKB1基因經突變後還剩餘10%左右的功效，實驗亦證實這10%的功效足夠抵禦scPC的形成。555Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMiyeO8xvHY
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scPC的個案之所以較為稀少，很有可能就是依靠僅餘的LKB1蛋白質得以支撐著，又或者是PTEN蛋白質並沒有因變異失去功能等等因素所致。555Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ84AvCv446P
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而基於現在終於建立出動物scPC的研究模型，相信很快便有科學家會提出新方法解決問題。555Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHtm4RBMlZq
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而本薯仔亦在日前寫好論文提出解決的其中一種方法，如果成功發表的話，將會鬼崇地在某一日自我深入淺出自己的文章。555Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZadLLjsOyF
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。555Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2lmMSGwn0H
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc555Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡygmbozhhy0
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Ref1:https://rupress.org/jem/article-standard/217/6/e20191787/151590/Genetic-manipulation-of-LKB1-elicits-lethal555Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBQATFVSFOs
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