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呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網161Please respect copyright.PENANAoLlyTWmjKg
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀161Please respect copyright.PENANALtRm7ca9sR
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日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力161Please respect copyright.PENANAwHSqswPkGk
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吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多161Please respect copyright.PENANA6ryuJsxUGD
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同環繞赤道一周差唔多161Please respect copyright.PENANAL2Qgo1ttM7
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食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢161Please respect copyright.PENANAl3qYjWYDvR
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加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊161Please respect copyright.PENANATH2Fm17500
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢161Please respect copyright.PENANA3VKb4kJStu
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印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉161Please respect copyright.PENANAw8PtkgPVzj
就算食到都消化不良啦161Please respect copyright.PENANAJEgalVP7lw
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站161Please respect copyright.PENANA18GkPzaiDd
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向161Please respect copyright.PENANALNmapg5FPc
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞161Please respect copyright.PENANAuUhxtM312X
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呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:161Please respect copyright.PENANAe595Caii50
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢161Please respect copyright.PENANAK1iHCC7q7R
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就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦161Please respect copyright.PENANAwj7gIFcW0j
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢161Please respect copyright.PENANAK2bRLvuKgR
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼161Please respect copyright.PENANAwTAdGU1GEP
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢161Please respect copyright.PENANAMsTJGTxFCB
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國161Please respect copyright.PENANAVWv6k13Owp
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隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行161Please respect copyright.PENANAkGalpQ9KZP
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣161Please respect copyright.PENANAUE9Q3rRN2o
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由此激發各國投入人力物力161Please respect copyright.PENANAmXtGI5Aq4d
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咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易161Please respect copyright.PENANAJSsLA1BPDr
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲161Please respect copyright.PENANAZO4aRKFSNu為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度161Please respect copyright.PENANA6so9Axcfms
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做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒161Please respect copyright.PENANAYH5NzvykTM
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而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉161Please respect copyright.PENANA7rSQiCFRUL
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係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
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大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營161Please respect copyright.PENANAGtpM0eLNzG
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤161Please respect copyright.PENANAdGWkVTsZhi
有時仲會大打出手161Please respect copyright.PENANARtqaJQih1k
好似1605年3月嗰次161Please respect copyright.PENANAuDtJiJ2hSE
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨161Please respect copyright.PENANApJDHbfALAE
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所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇161Please respect copyright.PENANAhw1gdI4ZQ9
我直接講個結果:161Please respect copyright.PENANAHgdgNmJlKA
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗161Please respect copyright.PENANATvdeqbw8M8
法號伍朋八世161Please respect copyright.PENANAxc9yEYXslP
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員161Please respect copyright.PENANAGj22ocXrfS
…161Please respect copyright.PENANAuSfsfOppTi
..161Please respect copyright.PENANA93jXNiNPwf
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開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???161Please respect copyright.PENANAJRaLdjdpXE
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦161Please respect copyright.PENANASg1iCItEEZ
佢地其實係病死嘅161Please respect copyright.PENANAR9SLASyBih
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"161Please respect copyright.PENANAldlKAR0XNX
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇161Please respect copyright.PENANARNy7CkSHPx
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播161Please respect copyright.PENANA2PkwaGN2jP
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係會令人發燒同病死161Please respect copyright.PENANAKdTvMTm6YG
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
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呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後161Please respect copyright.PENANAjEx04dP0Im
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘161Please respect copyright.PENANAxSpyhlIVqr
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體161Please respect copyright.PENANAoVysGYvB3V
帶返去羅馬本土喇161Please respect copyright.PENANA25QGtIoWbL
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶161Please respect copyright.PENANAP99QBEgdnu
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖161Please respect copyright.PENANAfLjQkhbLZz
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地161Please respect copyright.PENANAXiTJjmTMS3
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣161Please respect copyright.PENANAgzJwaOE0Qv
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時161Please respect copyright.PENANACjW0mUWQEx
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命161Please respect copyright.PENANAm7x4JzBy64
額我略十五世唔遲唔早161Please respect copyright.PENANApPzRMOlrQZ
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋161Please respect copyright.PENANAJ7AvRoXnbS
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇161Please respect copyright.PENANAhJThY08m4E
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世161Please respect copyright.PENANARUa2RXY95m
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召161Please respect copyright.PENANArMQxqfWYJn
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦161Please respect copyright.PENANAjf4B6egwJ6
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病161Please respect copyright.PENANA2nUPD6Egbe
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史161Please respect copyright.PENANAfaX1cVongI
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦161Please respect copyright.PENANAXLxyojuyXj
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾161Please respect copyright.PENANA2daNrC5v4L
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法161Please respect copyright.PENANA4IcCMaEmkk
真係唔醫好過醫161Please respect copyright.PENANA5z3NRoFjAa
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的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢161Please respect copyright.PENANAQmrQBxHnOi
16世紀起161Please respect copyright.PENANAiEkzhlwMfK
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊161Please respect copyright.PENANAX4gt3KxXCm
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲161Please respect copyright.PENANArwobque6ze
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛161Please respect copyright.PENANArmGAyynLpE
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人161Please respect copyright.PENANAzqfjvM6DyJ
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣161Please respect copyright.PENANA5WHZfruQIE
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目161Please respect copyright.PENANAszxXPBm6i1
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材161Please respect copyright.PENANArlhBwxYvwQ
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英161Please respect copyright.PENANAeDfRVwHcQ2
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落161Please respect copyright.PENANABJ8Yud3Tie
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦161Please respect copyright.PENANAu2RjNGwCp1
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情161Please respect copyright.PENANAYyfeYmfh6N
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....161Please respect copyright.PENANAKgAiGVQhbE
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸161Please respect copyright.PENANAwDZDhPcM8s
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呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置161Please respect copyright.PENANAUkHOjycnAr
呢個故事嘅主要成份161Please respect copyright.PENANAMnRD7qd0pR
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初161Please respect copyright.PENANAJWFUhxVJEg
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬161Please respect copyright.PENANAFEVLOUduaU
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後161Please respect copyright.PENANAu7OF2VnrQs
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土161Please respect copyright.PENANA7DSo4s6L7b
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每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉161Please respect copyright.PENANA2CS4ihoGXD
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病161Please respect copyright.PENANAf4EsJji4Zu
服從性有幾高可想而知161Please respect copyright.PENANAQKfWeBDVkS
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫161Please respect copyright.PENANAjqmhrTyZyE
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話161Please respect copyright.PENANAAEOBttdG6M
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講161Please respect copyright.PENANAMP5EFjQXoI
無疑係甘上加甘161Please respect copyright.PENANARV5VfRkgYV
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢161Please respect copyright.PENANAM5sKEzWIId
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000161Please respect copyright.PENANATO9iHZvT9S
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度161Please respect copyright.PENANAqpfQzwz9Ul
錢就使咗效果又冇161Please respect copyright.PENANADRcFIywbVd
咁點搞?161Please respect copyright.PENANAksElOpg8IN
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”161Please respect copyright.PENANACjSVCb78gN
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案161Please respect copyright.PENANA8DpDUstopC
作為糖嘅發源地161Please respect copyright.PENANADLI3YiJzm4
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像161Please respect copyright.PENANARwNN04YKJC
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右161Please respect copyright.PENANArHPQJfgMEA
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官161Please respect copyright.PENANAAqPxj9SpDr
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:161Please respect copyright.PENANALr6Q66huYQ
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧161Please respect copyright.PENANAUMiLTbi2fr
溶入高濃度糖水161Please respect copyright.PENANA5l5Pxt7je6
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮161Please respect copyright.PENANAdnertq4gzn
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿161Please respect copyright.PENANAKvmRwEzymy
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度161Please respect copyright.PENANAtmGrN0i2EM
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇161Please respect copyright.PENANAvriJA1vDYt
啲軍官再進一步161Please respect copyright.PENANASgBJXhnY10
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒161Please respect copyright.PENANATfNEEhPk0F
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
161Please respect copyright.PENANAjJNTodri7c
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆161Please respect copyright.PENANA12ltRDDK50
法國人曾經試過用紅酒161Please respect copyright.PENANAlvtLxtXNnH
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪161Please respect copyright.PENANAH8H3mv7CCT
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水161Please respect copyright.PENANAQBhrezN8In
味道完全唔融和161Please respect copyright.PENANAC4kZ2XRhZx
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味161Please respect copyright.PENANAc3hydBxIro
後來研究發現161Please respect copyright.PENANA1ydMopfb4h
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份161Please respect copyright.PENANA6cQGwUQ85S
同奎寧結合成聚合體161Please respect copyright.PENANAnNAjIn0LOg
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道161Please respect copyright.PENANAjbM5PVrD2J
呢個偶然嘅發現161Please respect copyright.PENANAY31RLCNxqx
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎161Please respect copyright.PENANAjqPagUHqCl
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵161Please respect copyright.PENANA1NYxunFevi
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧161Please respect copyright.PENANA2B59VVeZ3z
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥161Please respect copyright.PENANANfGYb1oSgU
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品161Please respect copyright.PENANAixfwmU2mWw
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度161Please respect copyright.PENANAjLl2aFXIRY
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品161Please respect copyright.PENANAkHDHhabiio
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)161Please respect copyright.PENANAPhP7sbQAI4
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水161Please respect copyright.PENANA3hiYTPmfCk
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水161Please respect copyright.PENANAMkzdnnSo06
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命161Please respect copyright.PENANAadLWQTIWVH
例如喺1875年161Please respect copyright.PENANAw40sgWJnyd
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率161Please respect copyright.PENANAnXovwbVzWk
已經跌到去1.5%161Please respect copyright.PENANAkDpy8MvQxn
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面161Please respect copyright.PENANAKGBgDT2hcW
下集會講吓161Please respect copyright.PENANAuAExRYyfGO
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥161Please respect copyright.PENANAj19It3lzbb
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運161Please respect copyright.PENANArDRQL95nfR161Please respect copyright.PENANAmKO0eaW5Bx