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呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網154Please respect copyright.PENANAFX9srqwBAE
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀154Please respect copyright.PENANA4pQWHpQ3Ux
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美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇154Please respect copyright.PENANAl8TiwYXthw
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西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地154Please respect copyright.PENANAsklrRlWoXf
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力154Please respect copyright.PENANA53ywzrF8vg
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累154Please respect copyright.PENANADRHW6GoyaD
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西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗154Please respect copyright.PENANAmTlx24CxZT
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多154Please respect copyright.PENANALWmo98cGQD
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易154Please respect copyright.PENANAP1MR0rQFZs
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水154Please respect copyright.PENANAAodY9C4MSO
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同環繞赤道一周差唔多154Please respect copyright.PENANAUgYjzvPiXf
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食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢154Please respect copyright.PENANAgYsvn2lpII
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到下一年嘅春季起風先行得154Please respect copyright.PENANAJEXuwfPlB1
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前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年154Please respect copyright.PENANAeQEhmDFII5
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另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支154Please respect copyright.PENANASKmfJmYqCt
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊154Please respect copyright.PENANARTtxEqgHzl
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢154Please respect copyright.PENANALKwopl8Hny
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印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉154Please respect copyright.PENANAZqJe5tDWLB
就算食到都消化不良啦154Please respect copyright.PENANARXck0PLs3I
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站154Please respect copyright.PENANAoqG7TMPgZq
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向154Please respect copyright.PENANAldcKnwTwJ8
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞154Please respect copyright.PENANAQDf4rxya6K
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多154Please respect copyright.PENANAiX3SXrtycZ
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:154Please respect copyright.PENANAvRmaCWvd2F
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢154Please respect copyright.PENANAAw4Z5oUuIY
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話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎154Please respect copyright.PENANAuc5JXrCcW7
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力154Please respect copyright.PENANAGBnPaUxB3c
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁154Please respect copyright.PENANAq9UCj7x7Db
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩154Please respect copyright.PENANAV3qMFyfkzg
美洲有耕地154Please respect copyright.PENANAwoLfvJgVbz
非洲有人力154Please respect copyright.PENANACIhZ71vy9R
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心154Please respect copyright.PENANA1ebtBPs98C
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦154Please respect copyright.PENANASvQ4yfv6s7
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢154Please respect copyright.PENANAR0BhtKTAeT
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼154Please respect copyright.PENANAp0z77uxyac
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢154Please respect copyright.PENANAZLiUa1GJwm
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國154Please respect copyright.PENANAzQCMGojBFZ
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦154Please respect copyright.PENANAGbFLMBA2lh
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行154Please respect copyright.PENANAdgj1ArPNoL
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣154Please respect copyright.PENANAnZ2co8AlWg
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴154Please respect copyright.PENANAZUwp7yL1Qh
由此激發各國投入人力物力154Please respect copyright.PENANAv8tXNSXeLn
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器154Please respect copyright.PENANAbys1KBd10T
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船154Please respect copyright.PENANAJ5LRdI7zBn
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如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話154Please respect copyright.PENANAr76XVkPeB8
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易154Please respect copyright.PENANA48JDr9lN1z
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲154Please respect copyright.PENANA8HIZeCild6為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度154Please respect copyright.PENANA1mJ1F1DEPS
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:154Please respect copyright.PENANA5rOmPJHJon
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?154Please respect copyright.PENANADjqjvu1ysW
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒154Please respect copyright.PENANAeZA3Wz3G73
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀154Please respect copyright.PENANAvH3PulftG1
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢154Please respect copyright.PENANA4vpbNuxVah
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成154Please respect copyright.PENANA9axtxuAXgD
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉154Please respect copyright.PENANAb6A1TXY6Jb
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現154Please respect copyright.PENANArAQHC4OSyJ
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲154Please respect copyright.PENANAFubrJlXibc
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉154Please respect copyright.PENANACxC2xpiPCB
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團154Please respect copyright.PENANAoyiKyD7wpE
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議154Please respect copyright.PENANAt5lLVIQkqV
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大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖154Please respect copyright.PENANA9GxPW9Co2C
自16世紀起154Please respect copyright.PENANA0PzkX0wCPW
呢個小圈子選舉154Please respect copyright.PENANAPNZt52IiLK
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控154Please respect copyright.PENANAwORc5vNvCA
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益154Please respect copyright.PENANA5rXBWfbiiC
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營154Please respect copyright.PENANAAbO0obHPCy
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤154Please respect copyright.PENANA0BtyhQI9qL
有時仲會大打出手154Please respect copyright.PENANAsUx3ZijGm1
好似1605年3月嗰次154Please respect copyright.PENANAkhXbFPAE1l
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨154Please respect copyright.PENANAoM7HN1cFFj
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈154Please respect copyright.PENANAJRYc1YRC5x
不過呢個唔係今集重點154Please respect copyright.PENANAk9Zn9NfVLy
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇154Please respect copyright.PENANAZpnMjF6UhN
我直接講個結果:154Please respect copyright.PENANAtDcPrQSGu9
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗154Please respect copyright.PENANA2PCekjThQa
法號伍朋八世154Please respect copyright.PENANA3U39DriILq
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員154Please respect copyright.PENANAVUuJgd7Idy
…154Please respect copyright.PENANAQYWH6u2DyU
..154Please respect copyright.PENANAt7EUS8h2i3
.154Please respect copyright.PENANAcBgEKkROkY
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???154Please respect copyright.PENANAHdeCrrDJ6X
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦154Please respect copyright.PENANALmF9gnta44
佢地其實係病死嘅154Please respect copyright.PENANA4A5lDTEHhi
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"154Please respect copyright.PENANAluqvPOvo8S
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇154Please respect copyright.PENANADvRXx9JACa
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播154Please respect copyright.PENANAglyQLu62Vv
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時154Please respect copyright.PENANASMnrWhUfqK
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味154Please respect copyright.PENANAku5WH3nrq8
係會令人發燒同病死154Please respect copyright.PENANAem56d55Svc
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾154Please respect copyright.PENANAmSUKtdRGZm
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後154Please respect copyright.PENANAVusOXksmoP
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘154Please respect copyright.PENANAWJllqkqDmn
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體154Please respect copyright.PENANAUroGD46TP4
帶返去羅馬本土喇154Please respect copyright.PENANAZ1dXbM1db1
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶154Please respect copyright.PENANAItfqJsXmAK
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖154Please respect copyright.PENANAHWqKwp7p7w
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地154Please respect copyright.PENANAEnZvm22TUU
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣154Please respect copyright.PENANAPsi7dKdYGs
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時154Please respect copyright.PENANAaVbZFRT6yI
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命154Please respect copyright.PENANAiIXzeWIDJj
額我略十五世唔遲唔早154Please respect copyright.PENANArRcSjdSBgh
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋154Please respect copyright.PENANAR8p8vZOqqn
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇154Please respect copyright.PENANAuGKjvnA49T
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世154Please respect copyright.PENANAmzcqDVb9W1
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召154Please respect copyright.PENANAnIdRgFmfkZ
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦154Please respect copyright.PENANA3CMP0Nm2mc
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病154Please respect copyright.PENANAl9YXZ9dYjj
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史154Please respect copyright.PENANAKZ0Z5sBkL1
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦154Please respect copyright.PENANA10HiinBBD0
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾154Please respect copyright.PENANAoUdWT7elVP
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法154Please respect copyright.PENANA9ih1hL0SVX
真係唔醫好過醫154Please respect copyright.PENANAUN4JzlBh2b
不過喺呢個大航海時代154Please respect copyright.PENANAavooagBFwc
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢154Please respect copyright.PENANADayknsmp3o
16世紀起154Please respect copyright.PENANAdND4CJI4yA
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊154Please respect copyright.PENANASsrCIe6Bsj
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲154Please respect copyright.PENANAwEVtiKdnvT
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛154Please respect copyright.PENANAc8ZGKu5gxH
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人154Please respect copyright.PENANAPjJF28UvwG
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣154Please respect copyright.PENANAoUIWMnFN5s
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目154Please respect copyright.PENANA2i9U198hT5
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材154Please respect copyright.PENANAxUP2UBOdgX
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英154Please respect copyright.PENANAKMVjrZdIFB
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落154Please respect copyright.PENANAqUeLIEnsz5
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦154Please respect copyright.PENANAZ06Y19f9WO
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情154Please respect copyright.PENANA4UYlNJLSeA
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....154Please respect copyright.PENANAKIZ9Xm3bKA
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸154Please respect copyright.PENANAGHpHT6FZOF
喺呢個地理大發現時代154Please respect copyright.PENANAy54H7OhUvW
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置154Please respect copyright.PENANAC4I05SBglO
呢個故事嘅主要成份154Please respect copyright.PENANAq0UobHuhpX
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初154Please respect copyright.PENANAgyIQOdlnmc
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬154Please respect copyright.PENANAxiMydNrbF2
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後154Please respect copyright.PENANAgaDZWy5Y8k
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唔好話苦味啦就算係屎味佢都會照食154Please respect copyright.PENANAPZOUlCtDnT
不過如果冇事冇幹純粹食嚟預防中招嘅話呢?154Please respect copyright.PENANAz8s7r6no1k
就唔同咁講喇154Please respect copyright.PENANAQsCEK1iBPm
要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵154Please respect copyright.PENANAead3SpAhSY
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉154Please respect copyright.PENANATVJslY6ZTt
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病154Please respect copyright.PENANA0CcUqQtfUh
服從性有幾高可想而知154Please respect copyright.PENANAdW7hdwlGsU
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫154Please respect copyright.PENANAS96Y4qZqAK
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話154Please respect copyright.PENANAdxFajTMeBA
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講154Please respect copyright.PENANAgIxBEyZu17
無疑係甘上加甘154Please respect copyright.PENANAOSp3YHK8zc
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢154Please respect copyright.PENANAanJFEZ5f7t
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000154Please respect copyright.PENANARTrYEnVegR
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度154Please respect copyright.PENANAEQtwW2pgEm
錢就使咗效果又冇154Please respect copyright.PENANAEClkIgvq09
咁點搞?154Please respect copyright.PENANA8YTvPTYRj2
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”154Please respect copyright.PENANADihAl43oCH
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案154Please respect copyright.PENANAqFOTJrbjf6
作為糖嘅發源地154Please respect copyright.PENANAtQexlYR5lU
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像154Please respect copyright.PENANADXtJZyvCLJ
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右154Please respect copyright.PENANABqSjer0xyR
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官154Please respect copyright.PENANAOd7mAHJqSg
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:154Please respect copyright.PENANAipeWmjugcY
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧154Please respect copyright.PENANAVETwzLkucn
溶入高濃度糖水154Please respect copyright.PENANAx8Ltanh3T3
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮154Please respect copyright.PENANAyEnaCWRGRK
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿154Please respect copyright.PENANA0qR3iDeYKN
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度154Please respect copyright.PENANA1sUksZ1q5D
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇154Please respect copyright.PENANAxNx4or4hx8
啲軍官再進一步154Please respect copyright.PENANAOdLap6RoVF
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒154Please respect copyright.PENANAaTZKBBShzZ
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
154Please respect copyright.PENANA4urWDUkkB8
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆154Please respect copyright.PENANAg3vtuaZa3r
法國人曾經試過用紅酒154Please respect copyright.PENANA1jUuFKQkdN
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪154Please respect copyright.PENANAWmoTFoCb2P
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水154Please respect copyright.PENANAnMOGf4ubbA
味道完全唔融和154Please respect copyright.PENANAOQ9h8Uw62Z
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味154Please respect copyright.PENANAFo8Pw5TYOQ
後來研究發現154Please respect copyright.PENANA9j0CE4D69G
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份154Please respect copyright.PENANA2MSPV65mq1
同奎寧結合成聚合體154Please respect copyright.PENANAhtIaO7bmiL
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道154Please respect copyright.PENANA7yrC2PPXXx
呢個偶然嘅發現154Please respect copyright.PENANAFmAzrd6Dpx
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎154Please respect copyright.PENANASuBZlnoCen
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵154Please respect copyright.PENANAVpRGIgD0d0
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧154Please respect copyright.PENANAMGTqer35q1
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥154Please respect copyright.PENANADhHCeAcC82
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品154Please respect copyright.PENANADRiaa1IAwy
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度154Please respect copyright.PENANAh1FzTLyeEE
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品154Please respect copyright.PENANAbop3jyf3HE
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)154Please respect copyright.PENANATvogs2NkFR
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水154Please respect copyright.PENANAbTI7OLXsM6
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水154Please respect copyright.PENANATfS181qfy9
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命154Please respect copyright.PENANAmuF48sMghM
例如喺1875年154Please respect copyright.PENANA2HJwVY63jI
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率154Please respect copyright.PENANAsQVD2OIdnR
已經跌到去1.5%154Please respect copyright.PENANA4IUJKWUekZ
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面154Please respect copyright.PENANA5htNXaRQ0V
下集會講吓154Please respect copyright.PENANAiPK06gYnAr
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥154Please respect copyright.PENANAS5vSErinFQ
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運154Please respect copyright.PENANAlPiMjpeqea154Please respect copyright.PENANAOoEYurUHgL