非洲到而家142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG8sOwPE7XD
一分鐘都仲係得嗰60秒142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCaOvqvfWZS
大家有冇諗過係咩原因呢?142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM1riELYsFT
今日就用呢一杯Gin & Tonic142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnefQozThk2
同大家講吓呢個喺各大討論區久唔久都會問嘅問題142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr7YzQ3pZEc
首先要簡單講講個時代背景先142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoIYdIlx7XL
自蒙古冧檔鄂圖曼崛起後142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTUUh5vsr85
通向東方嘅貿易路線就咁畀班異教徒壟斷咗142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHBqzUeGyW5
運往歐洲嘅香料茶葉以至各式各樣嘅東方商品142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmrNSlArmwD
買少見少之餘亦都水漲船高142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMr8FJanBQi
其中畀人食水食得最甘嘅142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTRbK7NWePL
就係距離中東最遠歐洲最西邊嗰兩隻牙142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVMItNZvetM
喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKpipIHKvtc
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
首先傳嚟“好消息”嘅係西班牙142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHFwwpwgY0J
1493年3月15日星期五中午 142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ04Xrp2Yv49
哥倫布同佢捉返嚟嗰幾個“印度人”喺西班牙嘅帕洛斯港登岸142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2yCMWfgAms
斐迪南同伊莎貝拉嗰兩公婆梗係開心到癲啦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrq9KWt68Ho
西班牙國王斐迪南同王后伊莎貝拉接見哥倫布142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbC4WeFwCpH
跟住葡萄牙亦傳嚟捷報142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWy1AYgyouD
華士古·達伽馬喺1498年繞過非洲最南端嘅好望角到達印度嘅西岸142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFIQ1bKVPMq
從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf5KqKWZOxn
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
事情就梗係唔會咁一帆風順啦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUgOIcPbN7k
意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQz5SLKLtwm
證實咗哥倫布搵到嘅唔係亞洲而係全新嘅大陸142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9xpH9QBle1
(佢個名“Amerigo”亦都成為呢塊新大陸嘅名“America”)142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡleilo4TKd0
咁既然唔係亞洲142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC6eTDkssrZ
自然就唔會有好似胡椒肉桂呢啲比黃金仲值錢嘅香料142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7OB8644H4k
好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTNZRgyNAED
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE7sF01lsPI
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeJeWw7948P
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoXSvF7Xtx9
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpBAQ84shw1
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUkm9Lpm5kM
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUwxxJR151y
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDji4wywano
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPw1k30HoTQ
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgfzDqIC0Y9
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqHFNy8WrSa
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHz1HuOPZgJ
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw3AkPcHGXq
不過來回里斯本至印度西岸果亞嘅航線長度142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuP4AfSOU9E
同環繞赤道一周差唔多142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmYM61ll4mw
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7CwF8eieRt
萬一有咩阻滯142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfWQ8I9hzqh
船隊趕唔切喺8月尾前趕到赤道142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPJgUYjJGYS
食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTyrRzo9BHG
就仆得街喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJd3MY1uQsO
成隊船要喺東非呆等半年142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZo5SMhaCVe
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6XE4nawoQV
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi1gaA5V2fm
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBMvVbJb423
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg2xgCCn2VE
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0PJs0xKg2R
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQFP1EDt7Yz
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtzUD10gAyZ
(達伽馬第一次到達印度嘅航程,177個水手就有122個死於壞血病,包括佢個親兄弟)142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8OmQe6eI4s
另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYIPOVg9nwB
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSbstJm0Bii
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhZM1ZURbGk
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZLXc7RfPPF
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQglyfzqT5C
就算食到都消化不良啦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGsKJd9wEig
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站
142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa6LjIEcu6v
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsrlzctmeiG
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbOoSOcCpez
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUSlFB80jcT
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9P06o4VxM4
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKmgRhQ7oVE
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8MeRfmki9v
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYBJdbKcq7M
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx7BbEV9lj9
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0kh3qTAkEj
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQmpNNTdFXI
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4I6D8liqoz
美洲有耕地142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtig7Ic3wcA
非洲有人力142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk4HjHN1w2E
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSltMovj6Yi
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfkNCOUwqAg
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDioBfTpmv6
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ17XjHvPG0J
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡklaKcKditq
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQBv6B211o3
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDOJH9mg5Sx
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxY0KbfG5jj
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpSka3meyho
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3EYrgQCmLy
由此激發各國投入人力物力142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSCOTqyogMp
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3AfYIea1lm
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG7Y7MBhRbF
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmxnDHM8Z7P
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR9Ll3TgcXS
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrOsT04K7cR
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiVHhxYds2u
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrhK9ASg0Zu為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9Gy93AgU8D
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhSgj8UC5Aj
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPVnvI6VG74
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL2p5yUndvY
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqMKxpJCvsn
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA4K3skKRfW
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡazuv7LjhtU
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBERE5LK6oW
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIF2RaJq3Lx
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpIBC20qA5i
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDD2bdHSmpP
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyPU4r3FmD0
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPlpjpHYUqV
準備選出新教宗喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkblCByX7pv
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwj9xdDzjOb
自16世紀起142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTUgCZ9x9yG
呢個小圈子選舉142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpADV4F0uf8
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyU6yPJqc18
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOVRbWlzf1d
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYCUDWrCyM4
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt7eIy7oFE4
有時仲會大打出手142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE2o5JjaEqK
好似1605年3月嗰次142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlUhXrKf4Tg
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGKgJPGtSHY
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaPMg9tPfgo
不過呢個唔係今集重點142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXAUku8BNlJ
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpT6lWHqOTD
我直接講個結果：142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfR1iTA8fD8
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ19w9TV35ij
法號伍朋八世142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ7Nd3iur8E
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVyqchOBrBh
…142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPS2yicLhPh
..142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkh8F4vXmVn
.142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡctYb4n3XVr
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡENACRyCOzL
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV9HP0IksKQ
佢地其實係病死嘅142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTgbBMGpGi7
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjmNBtynY8F
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWyMimcyz41
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1QTIskVrC6
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKWxz3awWG8
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsTKqPgFZnV
係會令人發燒同病死142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJuEPW66eMT
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpO1I1Kdaq3
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbswUT7nRAJ
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlZc5f5UDCy
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeikWeqeE9W
帶返去羅馬本土喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvPPZHFa5G9
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy0MIWKEFML
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNZHeYjlaMv
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡux415kE3zP
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡViakLuDsf6
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsojrHZfM8q
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxILgOsN2pH
額我略十五世唔遲唔早142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1xGx6QR7tH
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhowqVGUPyG
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡymw6NNPeEp
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQnzkUyzl7N
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt91FlxlSTD
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS1Y4K2FfCf
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXQBsrsJJ8V
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFt3tdAxhlp
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgZ0t8uKYbr
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡktUeoE5YDM
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN0zPyg2qoi
真係唔醫好過醫142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡut6xhKrvNP
不過喺呢個大航海時代142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9wofrfZxYV
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLhzducWUL9
16世紀起142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnQTO0XvPTl
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5oikT19Lz8
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5DlIcMrZeX
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd3Q2z6hqsJ
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8zx5J8wm1J
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPeih3im5GJ
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYsTntZHeuy
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6qXuKvyKRF
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Jccm3GPsK
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnQ6lP9Gt4J
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUj0Shl317I
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMEbKODJh63
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYVOEOVPfRn
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ34LWSKzPEa
喺呢個地理大發現時代142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3JAwQu8p8z
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsMflqMRfWN
呢個故事嘅主要成份142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEpngkLe7VW
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZeiH9AKrJI
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRKFbq22AEI
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUWt89ipkky
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXfamrsRzJO
就畀西班牙殖民者建立起一個又一個嘅果園﹑酒莊同農場142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX8ev0HCvV3
咁有農地自然就要灌溉142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJeUkivdxLu
而灌溉自然就會有積水142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpoKF4zm4TF
咁有積水就自然有蚊患啦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5mj6eBBKk7
不過美洲本身並冇引致瘧疾嘅寄生蟲142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0nqqX61ZSs
所以利馬建立初期係冇瘧疾疫情嘅142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmzHe9gLUoH
但係隨住開墾嘅規模越嚟越大142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfjc3qYw4ht
自16世紀中期起142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZZQ2FcafeR
啲農場主從奴隸販子手上142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ktzL9Otwu
購入大量由西非畿內亞灣區同剛果河流域捉番嚟嘅黑鬼142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT7mD6vX3jh
而咁啱呢帶嘅雨林就係瘧疾嘅源頭喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCQU3JUCqCV
啲黑鬼除咗為啲農場主提供所需嘅勞動力外142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy0g2VwCWWg
同時亦為啲農場主提供佢地唔想要嘅瘧原蟲142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK5cKcSa68u
呢個模式不斷喺整個美洲殖民地重覆142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjKbODypkmM
利馬﹑墨西哥城﹑危地馬拉﹑波哥大﹑布宜諾斯艾利斯⋯⋯142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvPNKvosQM5
如無意外142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkM7k8pxiCO
呢啲新興嘅殖民地142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHkmIWgguTp
將會同羅馬一樣142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ88pZHOX9N4
年復一年咁受到來自非洲嘅詛咒142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWQLfthGMWE
秘魯總督區
西非畿內亞灣
嗰時瘧疾的確肆虐整個美洲殖民地142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkpmUY0THzM
例如耶穌會派去嘅教士142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3dJZT5GHTB
平均有4份之1會喺5年內死於瘧疾142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLh2Y4E8PO1
不過喺利馬142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9JczvxhLWH
情況就有啲唔同142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsOjCM2ajCx
雖然每逢夏天嗰度都會有疫情142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyZZDQFo8dk
不過嚴重或者死亡個案唔多142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2XxV4dvJ6e
嗰時教會就將呢個"神蹟"142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmH75SuFaXQ
歸功於當地一個一日拜神拜到黑嘅癲婆聖女142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaffMEuKyrV
Isabel Flores de Oliva (1586-1617)142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXVOfjx17b4
法號聖羅撒(St. Rose of Lima)142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkSP1t4SZyA
美洲第一個獲封聖嘅人142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrwf8Rx4B2w
成個拉丁美洲而家有成堆地方係叫"Santa Rosa"142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3MgX9HIBYx
可想而知佢嗰時都真係幾把炮
相信大家用腳趾尾142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡajrKw0QqR2
都諗到呢壇嘢同個神女冇關啦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRSuVd53NHy
不過喺嗰個年代142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRfnjeYOmrE
呢種藉冊封傻聖人嚟彰顯上帝權能嘅做法142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2HnjYbNQJM
都係教會一貫手段嚟嘅啫142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGd5g8jny3A
其實當時耶穌會啲教士142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGp5lX0ZcL9
已經搵到醫治瘧疾嘅藥142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqSZGtL5m7b
據耶穌會院士﹑著名嘅印加民族學家伯納貝·科博記載142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgpXaWOY7Zc
當地嘅印加遺民克丘亞人❨Quechua❩142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHcBeP2jqag
會將一種原生喺秘魯安第斯雨林嘅樹皮曬乾142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfxD6hUvVeS
再磨粉沖水飲嚟止痾﹑退燒同醫晚間小腿抽筋142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGevMUlbPDE
當初西班牙人"引入"瘧疾時142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpIiIeRqSvB
因為會引起間歇性高燒142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLIqqxsTQbV
啲土著自然就會用佢地熟知嘅藥去醫啦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTrj7ykJd0X
點知咁啱得咁橋142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtqM4HlKlft
呢種樹皮沖劑退燒之餘仲殺埋啲瘧原蟲142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJRHfQvDab7
呢個係人類第一次記載有效治療瘧疾嘅記錄
至於《肘後備急方》呢啲漁翁撒網式嘅"醫書"就唔好提喇
當時利馬教區耶穌會個話事人叫奧古斯丁·薩倫布里諾142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrnXx0FIWQ2
本身喺羅馬受過醫藥訓練142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWv1fW4KWJI
喺伍朋八世嘅號召下142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmAQMReTZlh
佢開始反覆驗證呢種樹皮嘅效用142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTwJ03Oeqen
最後喺1632年142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwrDThfub9U
開始運啲樹皮去羅馬142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWsJq3EBNyn
經教廷醫生試驗後確認有效142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJtre6LXF3t
自此呢種當時被稱為"耶穌會樹皮"嘅聖藥142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyvk7WiLdZS
就成為秘魯總督區最值錢嘅商品喇
手持樹皮嘅奧古斯丁·薩倫布里諾❨Agostín Salumbrino❩
克丘亞人叫呢種樹皮做"Quina-Quina"142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡemrCTIBgDK
呢個就係奎寧(quinine)呢個名由來喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGZgFAVATGA
Quinine舊時譯做金雞納霜142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgKs3JFVmJq
相傳係法國耶穌會喺清國嘅傳教士譯嘅142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3uJ1UlAhKb
康熙39歲嗰年中咗瘧疾142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ911msT1rlJ
唔係靠呢隻聖藥嘅話142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMDX8buQgMC
康熙盛世就會變成康熙盛年逝世
呢個故事教訓我地142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYgaME3vK01
遇到咩奇難雜症都好142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcBVuIpC7qd
只要將自己嘅問題142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0edNIjFDVT
變埋做其他人嘅問題142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi5dzsNHgrM
咁人地自然就會幫你諗方法解決142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrfEJMyTFFQ
大家諗諗自己戴咗幾耐口罩就知點解142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1jXr1U89f2
咁當然哥倫布都冇心嘅142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCEwgJ3lVJQ
佢發夢都唔會諗到142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXIiE44DoUN
佢嗰個大轉移142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzb3M46VQDo
係可以換到咁多解決舊世界問題嘅方法啦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxsvHoGLjvu
哥倫布大轉移
一個來自非洲嘅魔咒142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1N8tNQcHMj
竟然喺一個風馬牛不相及嘅地方搵到解藥142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ4NmOZsRa5
只可以話呢個係上帝嘅恩典/科學嘅勝利142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPeUcN7jlbU
視乎你從咩角度睇啦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSWgAU5DNEF
不過現實唔係童話故事又唔係RPG142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU5NG8lV7gv
瘧疾並冇因為主角搵到解藥就"叮"一聲消失142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdqahJJGOow
現實就係喺嗰時142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaUpZqWJ6RT
呢啲樹皮相當稀缺亦都相當昂貴142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrW4dqJKvLE
例如喺17世紀嘅布魯塞爾142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSnSXvvMoR0
一劑藥大概等於普通人一個月嘅人工142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlYC66wQf9P
咁其實貴都唔係問題嚟嘅142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHHheNlZNi9
始終自古以來貧窮人口同牲口一樣142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5o5yZNVLpr
都只係數字嚟啫142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj0EBG6O2E4
對啲畀得起嘅達官貴人嚟講142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqFNiCsj48a
奎寧嘅特性先係最大問題142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIub2UZT9q0
同大多數草藥嘅主要有效成份一樣142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtYR1GNZNAO
奎寧都係屬於生物鹼142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR5u2AFAS6f
而生物鹼都有呢兩種特性:142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1FX86Rkrli
1）苦到仆街142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM7NWdPldqm
2）有毒142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUF32n9vhI0
味道呢家嘢遲少少先講啦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡktjZAaBOJZ
而家就講吓第二個問題先
好耐以前人類已經用草藥醫病㗎喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEd1lmooph9
最早嘅紀錄可以追溯到5000年前美索不達米亞嘅蘇美爾人142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp2U8z8OwD4
咁舊時各個文明使用草藥嘅方法142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUkowQmo3EW
不外乎都係磨粉沖水或者幾廿味藥材三碗水煲埋一桶水142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWj1L8dJ3eq
但啲草藥喺呢種原始狀態下142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJG2KrP150Z
飲嗰條友可以攝取到幾多有效成份呢?142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4tL6rfPmf5
就完全靠醫師嘅經驗同運氣喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡycVH6MTTjx
以奎寧為例142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8Wbj730BTt
金雞納樹總共有廿幾個品種142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTSCc8rCwKZ
每種樹皮奎寧含量都有所不同142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEhU4fSr21M
而當時植物分類學仲未發展成熟142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡklHV60DaQJ
有時連嗰棵係唔係金雞納樹都唔知142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPZd5FaDd2Z
都仲未計啲奸商溝啲其他樹皮入去磨粉142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz2AJSYb3sK
所以同樣重量樹皮沖出嚟嘅沖劑142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgMONgBhxV6
有時會唔夠藥效142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGPUhotpaCw
有時又過量中毒142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡalsZWo2eDs
由耶穌會供應嘅都叫穩陣啲142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7i0nLbUpj7
如果好似英國呢啲要靠走私商人供應嘅更正教國家呢?142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQDpUKVP3y3
啲來貨質素就可想而知喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡamNHEUkaSi
所以喺初期啲新教徒都認為142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJb4zz02rHk
呢隻飲完一係冇效一係就耳鳴嘔吐甚至升仙嘅藥粉142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpFiShsQcYz
係教廷消滅新教徒嘅陰謀142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsgk2EKx2NK
例如嗰時英國嘅大獨裁者護國公、對羅馬教廷深痛惡絕嘅克倫威爾142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtgKWs1Qe6o
就明令禁制呢隻"教皇嘅毒藥"喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZBXl5Z2leF
奧利華•克倫威爾 (Oliver Cromwell) 142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrKwgfgQ9PS
1658年9月3號因瘧疾併發症病逝享年59歲142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGqqfwW4jbW
直到死嗰刻都唔肯聽醫生意見食呢隻藥142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjXEov39kXv
可想而知呢個軍頭份人係幾咁㒼塞
咁當然無論係大公教徒定更正教徒142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLnqATVoxV7
都係得把口信上帝嘅啫142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg8y5GP568B
到佢地真係有機會提早見上帝嘅時候142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡggVEk9qWDj
就個個都耍手兼擰頭㗎啦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLlfyuewbVR
隨住用藥經驗不斷提升142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVYG7BfQT5B
服藥過量中毒嘅情況逐漸減少142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYfbKTlSQDM
加上陸陸續續有唔同王親國戚因呢隻藥執番條命142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ88gq5HFZ5l
喺名人效應下142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnGo4YwB8GN
歐洲醫生逐漸放棄催吐、放血呢啲傳統“療法”142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU6PiiGTjBl
金雞納樹皮就成為醫瘧疾嘅黃金標準喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWfaQLEuwoJ
1658年倫敦一本週刊嘅分類廣告142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ41zzMTYXYd
第三段就有介紹喺邊度買到呢隻來自安特衛普嘅“Jesuit Powder” 
世事往往就係咁啱得咁橋142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWYn3ZKOqM4
當時因為奎寧執番條命最著名嘅例子142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIh9Sp3f6Jc
就係呢位因克倫威爾軍政府倒台而得以復辟嘅查理二世喇
所謂“神農氏嘗百草”142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbsRTOrmIDh
古今中外各種文明都係以呢種trial & error嘅方式去試藥㗎喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOCzaI337W5
但係穩定嘅貨源同有經驗嘅醫生始終有限142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsDmec7ikZu
喺嗰時只有啲名流紳士142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk9BbKvs6yd
先有資格用到金雞納樹皮嚟醫瘧疾142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW17RtMhfqm
要大規模應用喺平民度142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNLq3lBzjgu
係諗都唔使諗142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡInTyiGmruX
呢樣亦都係自古以嚟傳統草藥嘅局限142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7P9vsAdc0L
不過嗰時歐洲人嘅眼界同知識142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3tuXrZOoNZ
正以前所未有嘅速度增長142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUkeDZlZvvh
好奇心驅使科學家探究事物嘅根源142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHlJ0WkanCi
而研究出嚟嘅成果142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnIHYdXX6xt
就經貿易化成滋養呢啲好奇心嘅土壤142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxjfn43mYFz
當占星術變成天文學、錬金術變成化學時142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk1c5KZ61D2
人類了解世界嘅方式142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKZxr8soLaZ
再唔係好似以前咁142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSVevGxlm2A
用神學或者體液學說呢類玄之又玄、摸唔到睇唔見嘅“論說”喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL0Bjg44qSg
1806年德國化學家弗里德里希·史特納成功從罌粟中分離出同樣係生物鹼嘅嗎啡142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDtAYmtqWbq
受到啟發後兩個法國化學家佩爾蒂埃同卡文托142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF2E7y11mu9
喺1820年成功從金雞納樹皮分離出奎寧142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUAm504XWQu
自此無論係英王嘅御醫142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjBvR5u7joy
抑或係喺孟買軍營入面嘅軍需官142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7qsNZdE1cy
只要有本藥典同個磅142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBkJXjCPRKW
就可以處方到準確劑量嘅奎寧喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhltVNfAaVe
法國記念發現奎寧150周年郵票142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5oTvMVfKEU
如果嗰時有諾貝爾獎嘅話佢地肯定攞獎
呢個發現對英國同法國呢兩個殖民大國尤其重要142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoI4wf23b2a
一路以嚟佢地喺熱帶尤其係非洲嘅殖民地142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAqW4wsJY8n
都深受瘧疾所困擾142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡofiggEHZmj
例如喺1836年142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqF5jfTgA3l
英國喺西非嘅殖民地塞拉利昂142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMh0fCUJV7Y
每1000名英軍就有成486人死亡142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ297DeltgLR
英國另一撻同樣喺畿內亞灣區嘅殖民地黃金海岸(即係而家嘅加納)142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdGGN8o7P4K
死亡率更高達6成半142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeGaKnvDB73
當中超過三分之一係死於瘧疾142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkFCdzrAQne
法國嘅塞內加爾因為遠離瘧疾肆虐嘅畿內亞密林情況就好啲142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzgogKUbUrV
但駐軍嘅每年死亡率都超過兩成142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIWcsls4OQz
死亡率之高142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRW5Fn31R1F
以至英國同法國曾經諗過放棄呢啲“White man's grave”142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCetbNVBlcY
好彩隨住製造奎寧程序標準化同工業化142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtYGnvW0xhC
奎寧供應喺1840年代開始穩定142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3r3tlitW2y
到1860年左右142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8d1Jk2JxuR
英國同荷蘭成功從獨立後囤積居奇嘅秘魯142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEx62tYChyp偷移植金雞納樹苗到印度同爪哇嘅種植園142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTfE0LPq0iD
奎寧供應大增142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrnwMUVwR2t
喺滿足咗本土需求後142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuo98bZK2WA
各國開始向殖民地駐軍每日配給奎寧142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCuFLEP8mOC
以作治療同預防瘧疾之用142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAWx4D8BUxz
西非各國
不過佢地好快發現另一個小問題142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Xtqngucsg
啲士兵根本冇食到每日配給嗰啲藥142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCjnoqQbVFt
原因就係奎寧實在太苦142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiYJMkfoBmT
可能你地會諗：冇錯正所謂苦口良藥吖嘛142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIt4PUNxtjD
苦咪苦囉其實冇乜問題142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCPhhPAGoQ4
如果條友病到死死吓嘅話142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyUh3EYHJH7
唔好話苦味啦就算係屎味佢都會照食142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9HdEz9mpmf
不過如果冇事冇幹純粹食嚟預防中招嘅話呢?142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoCW1yLHJmo
就唔同咁講喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdoK9bPcOhZ
要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIJ8NCy6fAG
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcqUtvvEAKj
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkRqsTC7x0i
服從性有幾高可想而知142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyiaHG4o0in
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ2t5Zwl4ox
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLelDL2CqBx
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWJ67ZoBP7Y
無疑係甘上加甘142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ3oejdvChO
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdVfgv2KJbE
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgWzFk4tSzE
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfJfBAP6OfT
錢就使咗效果又冇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTWvEfABgp0
咁點搞?142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeMJwOvuyxk
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfl5Mrv8TWk
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡISk9RqX5Zk
作為糖嘅發源地142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9gFgKID9Aq
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQQtUKpZGFM
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpIcY8bu5hv
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmUvxDFclay
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1yFettku21
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT3SH9VJe4Q
溶入高濃度糖水142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbCVPAMSaVW
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdpIUpRv26Z
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvbzmrn8YAT
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs0zUPEARDv
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgtIU65GSxm
啲軍官再進一步142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHQUZHDxr0Y
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡslXK62iMpN
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
![[offtopic]](https://cdn.lihkg.com/assets/faces/normal/offtopic.gif)
142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYg1gzJqkJ2
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVAcR0o7pXP
法國人曾經試過用紅酒142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsUEujGx7WN
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSY04t6aPgy
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRBRwFzQj93
味道完全唔融和142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaInMy8jkvl
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjIcCmLgjUn
後來研究發現142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSTMqCU0wzo
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJmcROngjDz
同奎寧結合成聚合體142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8p82SjH6WW
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkZmDG16Acv
呢個偶然嘅發現142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQJok7d2SLV
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC0x57gpMhn
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPtT1BjSq74
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDsGB3QnIiD
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzD7Nd0Qn4f
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTWz1hS4XCk
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ02ItUveigT
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1M6aTzxfBQ
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeE3d6GHeE9
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvxR9ddUOle
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO25Gurziga
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8MLzVzZkWY
例如喺1875年142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDGt1iuRLVh
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuAMR9E2vf5
已經跌到去1.5%142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5qRKQ5cfiG
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl9xRev8tuS
下集會講吓142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlS6wwEMbKs
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUURZ5fGMJi
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV2kKrb5HlK
142Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Vc1T72ePY
然後按「加至主畫面」