科普專欄–薯不揀單 - 三十秒科學–Natural Killer Cell

免疫細胞中，有一類別名為Natural Killer Cell(NK cell)。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1QVAy9DuV7
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它們並不需要抗體的輔助，能夠直接與受病毒感染的細胞或癌細胞接觸，並且能夠在對方的表面開拓出微孔，繼而再將特定的蛋白酶注入對方內部，導致對方啟動自行滅亡的機制。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG1brFHYm1E
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(圖2)NK cell及癌細胞表面均有著形形式式的蛋白質，雙方表面某部分的蛋白質會互相結合，某些組合會促進NK cell啟動殺滅對方的機制(如圖中+號)，而某些組合(圖中-號)則會抑制會NK cell的啟動。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4yMUoQcGC9
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這些加加減減組合的互動，最終將會主宰NK cell會否殺滅對方。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGdgXcBrTPT
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(圖3)除了加加減減組合的互動，那些表面蛋白質所在的位置亦會影響NK cell殺滅對方的效率。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgYJ5GN1a8Q
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有研究人員將具有促進NK cell啟動殺滅對方的機制的蛋白質附在玻璃上，分別製作圖餅形狀(圖上)及冬甩形狀(圖下)，雖兩者表面上的蛋白質數量均一模一樣，但NK cell停留在圖餅形的時間卻比冬甩形狀的時間相對上較長。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG4VtcKV5QQ
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之所以有這樣的差別，相信是NK cell較多時候無法完整地包圍著冬甩形狀，因此脫離對方的機率亦隨之較高。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxD2Y377mcg
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換句話說，就算對方表面的蛋白質含量一樣，若然所在位置並不是均整地呈現在每一個角落，亦將有機會影響NK cell殺滅的效率。581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMuZu8YzJPe
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Ref1:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00202/full581Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmyJlZp1io2
Ref2:https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/14/684/eabe2740

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