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呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多130Please respect copyright.PENANApxIZLrmvPQ
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就算食到都消化不良啦130Please respect copyright.PENANACkewRhVQcM
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非洲
當初搞咁多嘢130Please respect copyright.PENANAUyu3MDFcga
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非洲有人力130Please respect copyright.PENANAIVhuAPKJoq
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就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦130Please respect copyright.PENANACbmAtQBC9Q
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢130Please respect copyright.PENANAaWk1vmc2OO
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼130Please respect copyright.PENANAQTIRxBxBMA
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英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國130Please respect copyright.PENANAWK1HzhguNu
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咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易130Please respect copyright.PENANA7lDEnuO6fx
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲130Please respect copyright.PENANA8zpjIQvcmd為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度130Please respect copyright.PENANAla4D1Xw26T
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而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉130Please respect copyright.PENANAlqP6r3Gzjb
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係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
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大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營130Please respect copyright.PENANAZIpA16zBZv
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤130Please respect copyright.PENANAutjXqGsbQK
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好似1605年3月嗰次130Please respect copyright.PENANAJQ2Kz009st
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我直接講個結果:130Please respect copyright.PENANAvfkYxjwx78
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗130Please respect copyright.PENANAqarldIip3V
法號伍朋八世130Please respect copyright.PENANAuzvlzqJ1hl
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員130Please respect copyright.PENANAw0nh2yLgs9
…130Please respect copyright.PENANAokLqi1Vh7h
..130Please respect copyright.PENANAfIeftKCQzJ
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開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???130Please respect copyright.PENANAopwMqFFW1U
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦130Please respect copyright.PENANAjcJXt1xaym
佢地其實係病死嘅130Please respect copyright.PENANAMNuTepLDzr
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"130Please respect copyright.PENANAUiyaTXxhSo
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇130Please respect copyright.PENANAvHGwPV8etH
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呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
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呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後130Please respect copyright.PENANAysPuWfIwyX
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘130Please respect copyright.PENANAU00NKSiZvV
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體130Please respect copyright.PENANAPNKnKfOBF8
帶返去羅馬本土喇130Please respect copyright.PENANAVgBcnz38U0
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶130Please respect copyright.PENANA3W5bcWPguC
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖130Please respect copyright.PENANABra1MI6HC2
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地130Please respect copyright.PENANAR1edIbNMLU
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每年夏天炎熱潮濕時130Please respect copyright.PENANAWDcv7U3jg2
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命130Please respect copyright.PENANAidHEi5oRgz
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啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋130Please respect copyright.PENANAEL8kZQf2yK
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇130Please respect copyright.PENANApuBHg9W0Ig
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世130Please respect copyright.PENANA85gjourbBw
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梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦130Please respect copyright.PENANAPnLus8IK1O
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病130Please respect copyright.PENANAD0fsB0L961
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史130Please respect copyright.PENANAeQLSvCZclf
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中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾130Please respect copyright.PENANA5Ey4E3xqln
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法130Please respect copyright.PENANACigOgKmlOo
真係唔醫好過醫130Please respect copyright.PENANAmM4EXUqPUQ
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的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢130Please respect copyright.PENANA8fKia7zoRT
16世紀起130Please respect copyright.PENANAEleWkeBF85
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊130Please respect copyright.PENANALKSUJHPLsY
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲130Please respect copyright.PENANAELpZifLdj7
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛130Please respect copyright.PENANARzlmXcQIWS
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嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣130Please respect copyright.PENANAYQpib58Nmf
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目130Please respect copyright.PENANATLrncptwyM
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材130Please respect copyright.PENANA4EbyfeLnnH
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英130Please respect copyright.PENANAfTtmZuGWk1
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落130Please respect copyright.PENANAvufNEz2tt5
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦130Please respect copyright.PENANAMzSLG4UoXM
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情130Please respect copyright.PENANACiB568Tpn1
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....130Please respect copyright.PENANA2tjZKLGJCY
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呢個故事嘅主要成份130Please respect copyright.PENANAhCHDGHss1N
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
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地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬130Please respect copyright.PENANA7DcJ4ErKmB
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呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土130Please respect copyright.PENANAlfYficKtvr
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要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵130Please respect copyright.PENANAOtJqWyH40p
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉130Please respect copyright.PENANA67yIRxMr8r
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病130Please respect copyright.PENANAe9bg8eP1Dc
服從性有幾高可想而知130Please respect copyright.PENANAKk4Rrgnp9S
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫130Please respect copyright.PENANAZwml89VwFq
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話130Please respect copyright.PENANAzEFDhbNfhv
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講130Please respect copyright.PENANAa1JQY5iofM
無疑係甘上加甘130Please respect copyright.PENANAdAGCh2FBAd
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢130Please respect copyright.PENANAtgI3GigLll
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000130Please respect copyright.PENANANABN89g1oR
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度130Please respect copyright.PENANAy8geHPk3Vo
錢就使咗效果又冇130Please respect copyright.PENANAateSDIWEim
咁點搞?130Please respect copyright.PENANAAymTe5vgL7
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”130Please respect copyright.PENANAdzLKPzy2Ur
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案130Please respect copyright.PENANA1Nvd1NoFs1
作為糖嘅發源地130Please respect copyright.PENANA7aLlqGyH6E
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像130Please respect copyright.PENANAjtz2poTTk8
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右130Please respect copyright.PENANAnr3ZNufs5Z
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官130Please respect copyright.PENANAQrOBNrh1CV
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:130Please respect copyright.PENANAxFm4ucyqmK
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧130Please respect copyright.PENANA7EjAEM7zK9
溶入高濃度糖水130Please respect copyright.PENANAToXYRND7Qt
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮130Please respect copyright.PENANAAfkr2XnbAp
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿130Please respect copyright.PENANATMy4wKEkC5
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度130Please respect copyright.PENANAOqLP8t2w4t
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇130Please respect copyright.PENANAtL8rD2OuYr
啲軍官再進一步130Please respect copyright.PENANAifkI7jITG1
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒130Please respect copyright.PENANAkp0nqCvJQb
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
130Please respect copyright.PENANAMADUNRABIM
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆130Please respect copyright.PENANAETNjV4Frhp
法國人曾經試過用紅酒130Please respect copyright.PENANAnEKwxcWwS1
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪130Please respect copyright.PENANAwkAZAZlLbg
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水130Please respect copyright.PENANAlfwDbaBiGS
味道完全唔融和130Please respect copyright.PENANAzZhNbawk3M
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味130Please respect copyright.PENANAdZMUfT9WFk
後來研究發現130Please respect copyright.PENANAooZv4Rn0Ti
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份130Please respect copyright.PENANAhdme528DD3
同奎寧結合成聚合體130Please respect copyright.PENANAgVdCSaUNjP
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道130Please respect copyright.PENANAIDTgI28Ilo
呢個偶然嘅發現130Please respect copyright.PENANAn2SvDEjFuu
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎130Please respect copyright.PENANAXToy7mZ8j4
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵130Please respect copyright.PENANArqZmwD1Xhl
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧130Please respect copyright.PENANAeQgM458s4B
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥130Please respect copyright.PENANA7KGRZvhPIs
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品130Please respect copyright.PENANAYQwhdWZ3iI
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度130Please respect copyright.PENANAuuU3l0x2T6
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品130Please respect copyright.PENANAybeAqO5IUn
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)130Please respect copyright.PENANAM8BQIfBSdk
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水130Please respect copyright.PENANAcFNOpIJCPV
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水130Please respect copyright.PENANAnAbSO8uRZO
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命130Please respect copyright.PENANAp2lMjC8979
例如喺1875年130Please respect copyright.PENANAwzDejxVqQr
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率130Please respect copyright.PENANAsVrS94MQf3
已經跌到去1.5%130Please respect copyright.PENANAsSP2OEoK0J
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面130Please respect copyright.PENANAxwGG9Xf09D
下集會講吓130Please respect copyright.PENANADfzP7xim9s
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥130Please respect copyright.PENANA5CjeSaU3zS
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運130Please respect copyright.PENANAeLlZeKjihy130Please respect copyright.PENANAj7RRNCh1NF