A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX4Q8cE8IAu
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9y2BDhZUaW
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7rDEKNem5p
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1EUr6ep4li
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq9WYMC42wW
try or install ubuntu176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQz7xBtRR0a
choose your language: english176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9cx89T83IM
accessibility in ubuntu: next176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe1DSXTKLsU
select your keyboard layout: english(US)176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡREOiDIZIy6
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1D75OS7j7X
install ubuntu176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVchB9iI3yS
interactive installation176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR6yRs7VPEA
extended selection176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSC4dynmiLu
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDJEmz0uHxH
check: download and install support for additional media formats176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmthZHfvm66
erase disk and install ubuntu176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtnIZQo3x5l
choose sdb176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLuI7jwrkbL
your name: buda 176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPIfjwKnYTK
your computer's name: vultr176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8IaoVSogHo
your username: buda 176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz84yxoN4oM
timezone: shanghai176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy0vEaXYpHG
install176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsP2hx3myYl
restart now176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn2pqHsR2FW
拔出U盘, 按enter键
176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCuYsxyUxjQ
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjzJ5OSOb65
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmJv0D0bzdl
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRsKE3DEj1Z
# cd /usr/src/glibc176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcU9g3ph0wj
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkKayQGYKLf
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzsLD10X1dt
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN1sOtGTCGr
# usermod -a -G root buda176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS4K2juG4NU
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIqWDioLNjS
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZZY0WDl0GA
apt show rethinkdb176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGl7vdWv76i
apt remove rethinkdb176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8vocVBogmS
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyIyzGVVUeC
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxtsqzx6J40
sudo apt update
176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4R9c40urtY
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYPI6yD0Csp
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXrg2rfC7GW
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOAr3q5vIm4
编辑配置文件176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9gXmGqS24F
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR8mFNfE3VJ
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5OpaHzSk22
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXQioQfEFRZ
patch:176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKtq2JrloWn
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvE3tWLMqPA
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxgElbOUt0t
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcqInmrl5J6
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw8fxm3NhJw
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTgturDwub6
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOjW9xfIs6F
--------------------------------------------------------------176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUzfNtlIR7U
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHKsjRx0hbA
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0TI1CW84Fh
部署rime输入法：176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc3jXA2MTGe
# ibus restart176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbBFgC1fcGB
# ibus engine rime176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTBj0GB7JcS
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmCmCSVqD9Y
按shift键进行中英输入转换176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsHaUiY9gG7
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlmYT9DMFJ8
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmZpVhVjsA6
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEtqBeyTyzf
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrz1XsYBw1L
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWP1Y6y1KZ9
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBfu2C8DCuf
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡifFknh0sLf
# cd ~/Downloads176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEhQKDdGAEh
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXKDMOFIgPB
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDCuZhCE5DG
# node -v176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK9JxQFakhZ
# npm install npm@latest -g176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqnLFW4K7Vy
# npm config get registry176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQq1v3TeDWh
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsormpmToy9
如果想用回官方registry:176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2TOvtmnCO6
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8UnNo93DoX
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNqR4N7ox3k
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT7pcLadTey
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5EcarT27va
# nvm install --lts176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcTQP37Yoiy
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡusPEW3T9bh
npm i package_name176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlklmRfVLws
项目更新176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMnhvGcLghc
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX6zJqBSIfX
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmrAtS1088s
如果不存在，生成证书176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxezWZnjSzO
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv6rp7PoF16
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfglJEe8ifg
将证书拷贝到服务器176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeKByTCDfwq
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQuYKCkOWv5
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBwIjcrB7IZ
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP0JmY5RQME
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ20Xg9XMo5N
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsfaLzOWnOv
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXoMYXAhBi5
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTxkIfZDPuL
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfEUwu2jPNR
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡupHmbjETOi
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhFjxP7oejv
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTHFdOWv7BR
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSLBvZQNbXB
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzLrER0XLzV
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKds6vBgoFG
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjSoOtwXQfL
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡysq9YLN3wN
# ufw allow 22176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8sdKD5LANZ
# ufw allow 80176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCf3OQq26g8
# ufw allow 443176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFXHBfNFrQf
# ufw enable176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSKbCD6IwZA
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdQYuDamtBA
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnwC6EmlaFD
# passwd root176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL31mMSuMr6
# usermod -a -G groupA username176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4JTuX96x4H
# groups username
修改hostname176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEi7UotSBJI
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC7rKttIJ5M
# lscpu
查看内存176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEqqODc9S95
# free -h176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnVXtkJ2rdZ
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs1r3qlkrnl
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFXOO1CKhOC
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7utN0eeJru
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ62uGrhKDOf
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5WFEep0rtM
用sudo执行：176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEYFt0loy0r
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡndVl0LwFjy
查看硬盘176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd33pfweKfZ
# sudo lshw -c disk176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtjfJEegveT
查看分区176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTi8y5hjMz8
# sudo fdisk -l176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzSEcBN8usM
查看磁盘剩余空间176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzznPyCK3HP
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡreZ9CEeoGw
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlcApnPcNpi
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaWg4Zt7mUD
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwhFeuw1NF1
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoDL3la8bO8
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnhr2TBoNdX
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTLrMc27rYp
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIRJWNgHW8o
g：所属组（group）。176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9Y21cmLO9F
o：其他用户（others）。176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm5VeS2elEF
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPOl2OvuITx
操作符：176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpkdQdpMFfe
+：添加权限。176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo08QVe1JPY
-：移除权限。176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡywVSZCaiDe
=：设置权限。176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzsmpZEzza8
權限：176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWlCb397DaR
r（读） = 4176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiC5FMjjXGu
w（写） = 2176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe2GXFkxbvi
x（执行） = 1176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ61rLMcFJFO
-（无权限） = 0176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡowxqbeGPPn
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh2mUt9yDQa
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMyVrRFQui4
5 = r-x（4 + 1）176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYdyQp6NDOH
6 = rw-（4 + 2）176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ917cjRTDuB
176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw175GTFExZ
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8cBfttMCXs
添加alias, 比如：176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwEfoEOluFn
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhlV72rHPzG
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9aZHkSl0XD
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZSQQzgS7v4
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]176Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT9S9Tox6Iq
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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