A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsoyqvHzlJX
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKWl7lQIX6J
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8PBkSAx8a2
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRZrvDUcBSX
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjNcbtXSQuo
try or install ubuntu237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDACf9IDvkC
choose your language: english237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3JhdFjGigL
accessibility in ubuntu: next237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxfpUSorNWp
select your keyboard layout: english(US)237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwpWABfToqY
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRaKsXmXc6Y
install ubuntu237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQypuS9vhEV
interactive installation237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡctqa6s2h4b
extended selection237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBXm2OYOoK6
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡidN9ETY3OD
check: download and install support for additional media formats237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKrgBD5sblT
erase disk and install ubuntu237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlGv6eJ1zvf
choose sdb237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdXPeBv4Pdf
your name: buda 237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAfsXMYiQ4v
your computer's name: vultr237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmawaDFUfKt
your username: buda 237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdiLMEgnRpe
timezone: shanghai237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDf8HDxYtMp
install237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy5dvB7Enb3
restart now237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW64aGxEiQV
拔出U盘, 按enter键
237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡta6zl5Vy3P
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEdrO10LUlx
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDuRd8iEsph
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAT6hz2GcmO
# cd /usr/src/glibc237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHjk73y4Vvr
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr5Lm9kWo4x
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuayIW730Mc
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7WFveIwiMN
# usermod -a -G root buda237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjBgFsG8oqW
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9fL3XTUyNQ
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡob2UAvr91d
apt show rethinkdb237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm2USnF0i5p
apt remove rethinkdb237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMnsz2DBu5o
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO20QKxpIlw
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2Ox9KWmg4P
sudo apt update
237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTdVREQgQ4n
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOYFzr10tSI
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡihqd0O4dev
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLqvP7pp1G9
编辑配置文件237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5xaXN8rsgJ
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHfy0Nbgrjx
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuV1LoQvuFh
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsv69NodVvO
patch:237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0sBWBeDbhN
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHPHM2L4lqL
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpAxlyBzxAe
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGhaYoaZMND
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDLfigpOseN
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMrUm7qVq5j
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkER8nY4JA3
--------------------------------------------------------------237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ96VQREcT56
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJYiqlLQtI6
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI6dWP3OgB0
部署rime输入法：237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRWikhUnf1Y
# ibus restart237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡILiAo378ET
# ibus engine rime237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOujY9vHtMl
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrotS9dQnmF
按shift键进行中英输入转换237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFoMg5x0pnw
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf74U9wvkzw
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS8P8u3Mrn9
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ82Mei8fF5e
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkslhzLqCye
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn7pQIS4BXy
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ87o3MxZTTA
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOFg0tASzk6
# cd ~/Downloads237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2Ojd52GWSL
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe8P1i3qvF4
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtOvua2FS6O
# node -v237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEbJAX3oiRb
# npm install npm@latest -g237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfkNHd7cUPz
# npm config get registry237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiL9iTf6Z3k
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8FLUAL7wVu
如果想用回官方registry:237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUkSa7dTAct
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdZfSZLtc2Z
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡttnQkyvNOG
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM2oQQgIVoz
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmsq1eGAZkT
# nvm install --lts237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsaoLIQDgmZ
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPzSHlNSurh
npm i package_name237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2QxUd3ZWQY
项目更新237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9pjlpgXbeq
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9ARXsW1LVk
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Lk3B2mvf2
如果不存在，生成证书237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ77BUiHyWRy
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGAgOnxGL56
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJj3bK3xsBo
将证书拷贝到服务器237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNPMOl4Ldwk
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6qCV8TgKfp
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEioYICMMLT
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtKM8HiJMp3
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4LAjrfzisB
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZZyznbJ9SE
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhtbTF28ffc
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUeRLhVA0ZG
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoaM3oZRVbd
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb8PeKsuUjG
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8RmUK5ByCB
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC92srip83T
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtgUjqMTuDq
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Qn7vUuAPX
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡovhRkCZMqB
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyb4tNPQTnk
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ15cqPojxc0
# ufw allow 22237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe8xEPabCw3
# ufw allow 80237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTAYlyRYNlZ
# ufw allow 443237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjDhkSWcBmx
# ufw enable237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYkyWsuWgXq
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsxK6fxcgT1
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLm1JW0pgXN
# passwd root237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl0ngpKw9Xc
# usermod -a -G groupA username237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlGEigyOWyc
# groups username
修改hostname237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdP8hkymB5X
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgPjVm2hYOx
# lscpu
查看内存237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXVTdg3iEle
# free -h237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk7oaJNXjG6
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5ymAJc2YYt
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF8bZ4EFxAN
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtHpqUzJGZI
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡURMRFzsX7i
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXooTnkiz8a
用sudo执行：237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb6nyHObgXt
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpW7EyF7LVi
查看硬盘237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlMbEz70sWm
# sudo lshw -c disk237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6pfUBtQVnn
查看分区237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk5GXfbCGaA
# sudo fdisk -l237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoU4N3W857x
查看磁盘剩余空间237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf6jHo1qkM8
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbGytrIYn5w
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJYbAlAQ39a
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCSxYPEE33u
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYjVXpSHnTJ
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl886m4oPcA
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpimhfzLEuX
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZROkoYxTQZ
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeNhOx1tI68
g：所属组（group）。237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDElm1KEQSO
o：其他用户（others）。237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0bh4ObBS5r
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhInHWsSdjn
操作符：237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiREm21mAwb
+：添加权限。237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUkqzlmW5bB
-：移除权限。237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIQoqja6XaY
=：设置权限。237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiM2Jtzlplv
權限：237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvYCdyHBHGU
r（读） = 4237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8eiTvILUgK
w（写） = 2237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA3sz0eGNmW
x（执行） = 1237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK7e0CnIt6E
-（无权限） = 0237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzvhKmudkTQ
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6m56ZOU608
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaTkNp2UB2G
5 = r-x（4 + 1）237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVoXUE7I70I
6 = rw-（4 + 2）237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd8ciOVcXaJ
237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3U1AtGkOge
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLiwxY6UxTl
添加alias, 比如：237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8uGV72C6ZA
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ12loML375b
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQMLWraSMxR
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSVBzv5n8Hj
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]237Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf9ePZTcyCn
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
如果您對C/C++ programming, Linux, website development, Vue, Git, vscode感興趣，邀請您加入「Linux/C/C++ Website Development」微信群，請加我的微信（si_jinmin）以便拉您进群。
ns216.73.216.190da2
然後按「加至主畫面」