前言:山水間,走訪各處,相互為客。詩人寄情於自然之間,花卉是爛漫的一種抒發,一花一世界,古人假借各花的情調,為他們獻上專屬的稱呼,將他們當成朋友,亦或者是萍水相逢美麗的過客,即使知道差肩而過不會再有交集,只會是記憶裡零碎的片段,但還是忍不住滿懷期盼地問道:「敢問芳名。」
篇目大綱:歲寒三友、花中四君子、花中六友、花中十友、花中十二客、花中三十客、花中五十客
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◆◆歲寒三友◆◆
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北宋年間,蘇軾遭受政治迫害,但他沒有一蹶不振,在名叫「東坡」的地方種松、柏、竹、梅,還有雪花。曾經有朋友來此說道:「屋內雪花飄飄,是否太冷清?」蘇軾答:「風泉兩部樂,松竹三益友。」意指清風、泉水乃優雅的兩曲音樂,松柏、竹子、梅花是相伴寒冬的朋友。
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松→剛正節操的象徵。251Please respect copyright.PENANAHlRYw0x0J9
竹→高雅之士的象徵。251Please respect copyright.PENANAsrATod7cVf
梅→是堅韌不拔的人格的象徵。
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◆◆花中四君子◆◆
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明代天啟年,在徽州有一個叫黃鳳池的人,他編輯有《梅竹蘭菊四譜》。陳繼儒稱梅竹蘭菊「四君」後又改名為「四君子」,那世人常用「四君子」來寓意聖人高尚的品德。
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梅→堅韌不拔的高尚品格,象徵人物于謙251Please respect copyright.PENANAeLAJp8WfBy
竹→高雅之士的象徵,象徵人物鄭板橋251Please respect copyright.PENANARXOcT7kKhU
蘭→被看作是謙謙君子的象徵,象徵人物屈原251Please respect copyright.PENANAr8lfb9zAWX
菊→具有傲霜鬥雪的特徵,象徵人物陶淵明
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◆◆花中六友◆◆
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清俞樾《茶香室叢鈔》卷二十二:宋劉黻《蒙川遺稿》有詩稱六友。
1.梅→清友 2.竹→直友 3. 蘭→靜友251Please respect copyright.PENANAd9Yh7Y7ClV
4.菊→節友 5.蓮→淨友 6. 松→高友
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◆◆花中十友◆◆
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宋代詩人曾端伯以十種花各題名目,稱為十友,後有人將十友花各配詩一束,一時傳為佳話。251Please respect copyright.PENANAGadfCEgqnP
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1.蘭花→芳友 2.菊花→佳友 3.蓮花→淨友
4.梅花→清友 5.瑞香→殊友 6.梔子→禪友
7.桂花→仙友 8. 海棠→名友 9.荼蘼→韻友
10.臘梅→奇友
又一說
1.茶蘼→韻友 2.菊花→佳友 3.海棠→名友
4.梅花→清友 5.槴子→禪友 6.瑞香→殊友
(以上同,以下不同)
7.荷花→靜友 8.巖桂→仙友 9.芍藥→艷友
10.茉莉→雅友
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◆◆花中十二客◆◆
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張敏叔以十二花為「十二客」,各詩一首。251Please respect copyright.PENANAlivOO3Ehqw
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1.梅花→清客 2.茶花→雅客 3.茉莉→遠客
4.瑞香→佳客 5.牡丹→貴客 .6.荷花→靜客
7.蘭花→幽客 8.菊花→壽客 9.桂花→仙客
10.丁香→素客 11.薔薇→野客 12.芍藥→近客
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◆◆花中三十客◆◆
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姚氏《叢語》(即西溪叢語)原文:惜張敏叔有十客圖,忘其名。予長兄伯聲,嘗得三十客。251Please respect copyright.PENANAo7eUaiVsNq
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1.梅花→清客 2.瑞香→閨客 3.牡丹→貴客
4.蓮花→溪客 5.蘭花→幽客 6.菊花→壽客
7.丁香→情客 8.瓊花→仙客 9.桃花→妖客
10.杏花→豔客 11.水犀→巖客 12.海棠→蜀客
13.躑躅→山客 14.梨花→淡客 15. 茶蘼→才客
16.蠟梅→寒客 17.木芙蓉→醉客 18.素馨→韵客
19.葵花→忠客 20.含笑→佞客 21.楊花→狂客
22.玫瑰→刺客 24.鼓子花→田客 23.月季→痴客
25棣棠→俗客 26.安石榴→村客 27.水槿→時客
28.棠梨→鬼客 29.曼陀羅→惡客 30.孤燈→窮客
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◆◆花中五十客◆◆
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元程棨《三柳軒雜識》:251Please respect copyright.PENANA9wL5lVA0jI
花名十客,世以為雅戲。姚氏《殘語》演為三十客。其中有未有當者,暇日易其一二,且復得二十客,並著之,以寓獨賢之意。251Please respect copyright.PENANA97yjNcIiZq
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1.梅花→清客 2.瑞香→閨客 3.牡丹→貴客
4.蓮花→溪客 5.蘭花→幽客 6.菊花→壽客
7.丁香→情客 8.瓊花→仙客(今改尊客)
9.桃花→妖客 10.杏花→豔客 11.水犀→巖客
12.海棠→蜀客 13.躑躅→山客 14.梨花→淡客
15.茶蘼→才客 16.蠟梅→寒客(今改久客)
17.木芙蓉→醉客 18.素馨→韵客 19.葵花→忠客
20.含笑→佞客 21.楊花→狂客 22.玫瑰→刺客
24.鼓子花→田客 23.月季→痴客
25.棣棠→俗客 (今改和客)
26.安石榴→村客
27.木槿→時客 (今改莊客)
28.棠梨→鬼客 29.曼陀羅→惡客 30.孤燈→窮客
31.木筆→書客(微尷尬,《殘語》並未記載,但在《三柳軒雜識》記載了,原文也是稱五十客,不過實際數量與記載不同,依小迷不專業推測,只想得到筆誤,實際情形不得而知)251Please respect copyright.PENANA6L0W0zsDni
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32.芍藥→嬌客 33.鳳仙→淚客 34.紫薇→高調客
35.水仙→雅客 36.杜鵑→仙客 37.萱草花→歡客
38.橘花→雋客 39.梔子→禪客 40.來檎→靚客
41.山礬→幽客 42.楝花→晚客 43.菖蒲→花隱客
44.枇杷→麤客 45.玉繡球→巾客 46.茉莉→神客
46.凌霄→勢客 48.李花→俗客 49.迎春→僭客
50.月丹→豪客 51.菱花→水客
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◆◆完◆◆251Please respect copyright.PENANAoM7KnxgmON
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延伸閱讀:敢問芳名——花卉借代251Please respect copyright.PENANAm9OCnysWJ8
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